Antibiotic Resistance: A Threat and Challenge to Society
Keywords:
Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistance, Iron Chelation Therapy, Antimicrobial peptides, Antibiotic Nanoparticles
Abstract
In the past decade there has been a phenomenal rise in the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens forcing global agencies like the World Health Organization to take cognisance of the issue. Antibiotic resistance and evolution of resistant pathogens untreatable by a wide class of antibiotics is a real concern for human health and well-being. The present review gives a brief history of antibiotic evolution, discusses the reasons for development of antibiotic resistance and focusses on current development in the research to counteract it.References
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2. Fleming A. On the antibacterial action of cultures of a penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. influenzae. 1929. Bull World Health Organ. 2001; 79:780-90.
3. Waksman SA. What is an antibiotic or an antibiotic substance? Mycologia. 1947;39:565-9.
4. Domagk G. A contribution to the chemotherapy of bacterial infections. Chemotherapy.1935;195-9.
5. Bhardwaj A, Mohanty P. Bacterial Efflux Pumps Involved in Multidrug Resistance and their Inhibitors: Rejuvenating the Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery. 2012;7:73-89.
6. Pattanayak S. Development of resistance in bacteria against anti-microbial agents: Reasons, Threats and ongoing Encounter. Exploratory Animal and Medical Research, 2010;1:7-19.
7. Clementi F, Aquilanti L. Recent investigations and updated criteria for the assessment of antibiotic resistance in food lactic acid bacteria. Anaerobe 2011;17:394-8.
8. Ahammad ZS, Sreekrishnan TR, Hands CL, Knapp CW, Graham DW. Increased waterborne blaNDM‑1 resistance gene abundances associated with seasonal human Pilgrimages to the Upper Ganges River. Environmental Science and Technology. 2014;3014-20.
9. Udwadia ZF, Amale RA, Ajbani KK, Rodrigues C. Totally Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in India. Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2012; 579-81.
10. Slama TG. Gram-negative antibiotic resistance: There is a price to pay. Crit Care 2008;12:S4. [PMCID: PMC2391261] [PubMed: 18495061].
11. Vila-Farrés X, Giralt E, Vila J. Update of peptides with antibacterial activity. Curr Med Chem 19, 2012; 6188-98.
12. Fjell CD, Hiss JA, Hancock RE, Schneider G, Fjell, CD. et al Designing antimicrobial peptides: form follows function. National Reviews Drug Discovery 2011;11:37–51.
13. Giacometti A, Cirioni O, Kamysz W, D'Amato G, Silvestri C, Del Prete MS et al Comparative activities of cecropin A, melittin, and cecropin A-melittin peptide CA(1-7)M(2-9)NH2 against multidrug-resistant nosocomial isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Peptides 2003;24:1315-8.
14. Rodríguez-Hernández MJ1, Saugar J, Docobo-Pérez F, de la Torre BG, Pachón-Ibáñez ME, García-Curiel A et al. Studies on the antimicrobial activity of cecropin A–melittin hybrid peptides in colistin-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58:95–100.
15. Taccone FS, Rodriguez-Villalobos H, De Backer D, De Moor V, Deviere J, Vincent JL et al Successful treatment of septic shock due to pan-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii using combined antimicrobial therapy including tigecycline. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006;25: 257–60
16. Conlon JM, Ahmed E, Condamine E. Antimicrobial properties of brevinin-2-related peptide and its analogs: Efficacy against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Chemical Biology Drug Design 2009;74:488-93.
17. Conlon JM, Sonnevend A, Pál T, Vila-Farrés X. Efficacy of six frog skin-derived antimicrobial peptides against colistin-resistant strains of the Acinetobacter baumannii group. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012;39:317-20.
18. Naqvi SZ, Kiran U, Ali MI, Jamal A, Hameed A, Ahmed S. et al. Combined efficacy of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles and different antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. International Journal of Nanomedicine 2013;8:3187-95.
19. Falagas ME, Bliziotis IA. Pan drug resistant gram negative bacteria: The dawn of the post-antibiotic era? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007;29:630–6. [PubMed: 17306965].
20. Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L. The Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Management of multidrug-resistant organisms in health care settings, 2006. Am J Infect Control. 2007;35:S165–93. [PubMed: 18068814].
21. Parisien A, Allain B, Zhang J, Mandeville R, Lan C. Q. Novel alternatives to antibiotics: bacteriophages, bacterial cell wall hydrolases, and antimicrobial peptides. J Appl Microbiol 2008;104:1–13.
22. Gill JJ, Hyman P. Phage choice, isolation, and preparation for phage therapy. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2009;11:2–14.
23. Housby JN, Mann NH. Phage therapy. Drug Discovery Today 2009;14:536–40.
24. Merril C. R. R, Carlton, Richard M., Adhya, Sankar L. Antibacterial therapy with bacteriophage genotypically modified to delay inactivation by the host defense system together with an antibiotic. United States: Exponential Biotherapies, Inc. (New York, NY),The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the (Washington, DC); 1998.
25. Khairnar K, Raut M, Rajshree H, Chandekar R, Sanmukh S. G, Paunikar W. Novel bacteriophage therapy for controlling metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in Catfish. BMC Veterinary Research 2013, 9:264.
26. Novotny C, Knight WS, Brinton CC. Inhibition of bacterial conjugation by ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid male-specific bacteriophages. J Bacteriol 1968;95: 314–26.
27. Lin A, Jimenez J, Derr J, Vera P, Manapal M, Esvelt K. et al. Inhibition of Bacterial Conjugation by Phage M13 and Its Protein g3p: Quantitative Analysis and Model PLoS ONE 2011;6: e19991.
28. Lujan SA, Guogas LM, Ragonese H, Matson SW, Redinbo MR. Disrupting antibiotic resistance propagation by inhibiting the conjugative DNA relaxase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104:12282-7.
Published
2014-08-03
Issue
Section
Review Articles
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