Evaluation of glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) levels in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients.
Keywords:
Diabetes Mellitus, Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Almost one-third of the world's population lives in areas of iodine deficiency. Thyroid hormone action has long been recognized as an important determinant of glucose homeostasis. Diabetes and thyroid disorders have a propensity to appear together in patients.OBJECTIVES: To compare and correlate the glycosylated Hb levels and TSH levels in non diabetic patients.METHODOLOGY: The cross sectional study was conducted among 30 patients of diagnosed thyroid disorders. The biochemical parameters were Hemoglobin, TLC, glycemic control (fasting and post prandial blood glucose levels, glycated haemoglobin A1c), blood urea, serum creatinine and a thyroid profile (TSH, T3, and T4). These parameters were measured and compared with the normal population.RESULTS: Out of 30 patients 26 were diagnosed as hypothyroid and 4 were diagnosed as hyperthyroid. HbA1c levels were found to be elevated in patients of thyroid disorders (hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism) as compared to control(p<0.005).CONCLUSION: Based on this study all the thyroid patients especially hyperthyroid patients should have regular checkup of their glucose levels. Patients should have adequate treatment of the thyroid disorders and thus should prevent themselves from adverse effects of hyperglycemiaReferences
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15. Christy AL, Manjrekar P, Babu RP, M S R, Hegde A. Elevation of HbA1C in non-diabetic hypothyroid individuals: is anaemia the connecting link? – A preliminary study. J Clin Diagn Res.2013;7(11):2442-4.
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19. S. P. Weinstein, E. O'Boyle, M. Fisher, and R. S. Haber, “Regulation of GLUT2 glucose transporter expression in liver by thyroid hormone: evidence for hormonal regulation of the hepatic glucose transport system,” Endocrinology, vol. 135, no. 2, pp. 649–654, 1994.
20. Henry C. Ford, W.Chew Lim, Michael J. Crooke Hemoglobin A1 and serum fructosamine levels in hyperthyroidism CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA 166(2-3):317-21 1987
21. Abbas Ali Tam, Hasan Tam, Celil Alper Usluoğulları, İsa Dede, Fevzi Balkan, Cafer Kaya, Rıfkı Üçler, Erdal Eskioğlu. The levels of HbA1c in patients with thyroid dysfunction Gaziantep Med J. 2015; 21(1): 5-8
2. Peeyush Yadav, G.G.Kaushik, Sonali Sharma. Importance of Screening Type-II Diabetics for Thyroid Dysfunction and Dyslipidemia International Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics 2015; 3(2): 7-12
3. Coller FA, Huggins CB. effect of hyperthyroidism upon diabetes mellitus: striking improvement in diabetes mellitus from thyroidectomy. Ann Surg. 1927 Dec;86(6):877-84.
4. Goglia F, Moreno M, Lanni A. Action of thyroid hormones at the cellular level: the mitochondrial target. FEBS Lett. 1999 Jun 11;452(3):115-20.
5. Chaoxun Wang. The Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Related Thyroid DiseasesJ Diabetes Res. 2013; 2013: 390534.
6. Nima V. Thakkar and Sunita M. JainThe Impact of Diabetes on Thyroid Dysfunction and Outcomes in a Native Indian Female PopulationThyroid Science 6(4):1-9, 2011
7. American Diabetes Association.Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33:S62–69.
8. Sailaja Anantarapu, Suresh Vaikkakara, Alok Sachan, Bobbidi Venkata Phaneendra, Mustur Manohar Suchitra, Amaresh Ponnala Reddy, Sunil Epuri, Arun Mukka, Dharaneswari Vemvakam. Effects of thyroid hormone replacement on glycated hemoglobin levels in non diabetic subjects with overt hypothyroidism. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59/6
9. Johnson, J.L. and Duick, D.S.: Diabetes and thyroid disease: [16]A likely combination. Diabetes Spectrum, (2002) 15:140-142
10. Gabriela Brenta, “Why Can Insulin Resistance Be a Natural Consequence of Thyroid Dysfunction?,” Journal of Thyroid Research, vol. 2011, Article ID 152850, 9 pages, 2011.
11. Nagraj Soni, G G Kaushik, VandanaYadav TO STUDY GLYCEMIC STATUS AND LIPID FRACTIONS IN SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROID, OVERT HYPOTHYROID AND HYPERTHYROID SUBJECTS. International Journal of Advanced Research (2014), Volume 2, Issue 9, 761-767
12. S. P. Weinstein, E. O'Boyle, and R. S. Haber, “Thyroid hormone increases basal and insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle. The role of GLUT4 glucose transporter expression,”Diabetes, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 1185–1189, 1994. View at Google Scholar • View at Scopus
13. L. C. Moeller, A. M. Dumitrescu, R. L. Walker, P. S. Meltzer, and S. Refetoff, “Thyroid hormone responsive genes in cultured human fibroblasts,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 936–943, 2005. View at Publisher • View at Google Scholar • View at PubMed • View at Scopus
14. Kim MK1, Kwon HS, Baek KH, Lee JH, Park WC, Sohn HS, Lee KW, Song KH. Effects of thyroid hormone on A1C and glycated albumin levels in nondiabetic subjects with overt hypothyroidism. Diabetes Care. 2010 Dec;33(12):2546-8. doi: 10.2337/dc10-0988. Epub 2010 Sep 7.
15. Christy AL, Manjrekar P, Babu RP, M S R, Hegde A. Elevation of HbA1C in non-diabetic hypothyroid individuals: is anaemia the connecting link? – A preliminary study. J Clin Diagn Res.2013;7(11):2442-4.
16. Edina Bilic-Komarica , Amela Beciragic , Dzelaludin Junuzovi The Importance of HbA1c Control in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism Mat Soc Med. 2012 Dec 24(4): 212-219
17. Kim H B, Han K H, Lee B W, Kim H, Lee M H and Chung E S. HbA1c and serum fructosamine levels in hyperthyroidism. J Kor. Soc.Endocriol.1992;7:46-51.
18. E. A. Park, D. C. Jerden, and S. W. Bahouth, “Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene transcription by thyroid hormone involves two distinct binding sites in the promoter,” Biochemical Journal, vol. 309, no. 3, part 3, pp. 913–919, 1995
19. S. P. Weinstein, E. O'Boyle, M. Fisher, and R. S. Haber, “Regulation of GLUT2 glucose transporter expression in liver by thyroid hormone: evidence for hormonal regulation of the hepatic glucose transport system,” Endocrinology, vol. 135, no. 2, pp. 649–654, 1994.
20. Henry C. Ford, W.Chew Lim, Michael J. Crooke Hemoglobin A1 and serum fructosamine levels in hyperthyroidism CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA 166(2-3):317-21 1987
21. Abbas Ali Tam, Hasan Tam, Celil Alper Usluoğulları, İsa Dede, Fevzi Balkan, Cafer Kaya, Rıfkı Üçler, Erdal Eskioğlu. The levels of HbA1c in patients with thyroid dysfunction Gaziantep Med J. 2015; 21(1): 5-8
Published
2016-03-07
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