Hematological profile of pregnant and non-pregnant females: A comparative study in a tertiary care hospital in Haryana, India
Abstract
Background: There are marked variations in the various haematological parameters during the pregnancy and also during the different trimesters of pregnancy. Due to paucity of literature on the haematological profile of pregnant population in Haryana, India the present study aims to fill the gap by drawing a comparison between cases and controls for the different haematological indices among patients attending a tertiary care hospital and also highlight the difference among the pregnant women across the three trimester(s).Methods: A case control study was conducted to study and compare the haematological profile among 119 pregnant and 119 non-pregnant women attending the out-patient department of ESIC medical, college & hospital Faridabad,a tertiary care hospital in Faridabad district of Haryana. Statistical analysis of the data was done using SPSS software 17.0. Unpaired students t-test was applied to compare various haematological parameters between cases and controls. One way Anova was applied and Tukey and Games Howell post hoc test was applied to study between group and within group differences among the three trimester with hematological indices. Result: White blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils, nucleated Red Blood Cells(NRBC), immature granulocytes(IG) and Red cell Distribution Width-Standard deviation (RDW-SD) were found to be higher among cases as compared to controls. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume(MCV),mean corpuscular haemoglobin(MCH), lymphocyte and platelet count were found to be significantly higher among controls as compared to cases. On one-way ANOVA a statistically significant difference in hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBCs, neutrophils, lymphocytes, immature granulocytes and nucleated RBC’s was found between the three trimester(s).Conclusion: Haemoglobin and haematocrit and platelets showed a fall while WBCs and neutrophils showed a rise when compared to the nonpregnant state.The findings of the study will be a value addition in comparative analysis of studies between pregnant and non-pregnant females. DOI: 10.21276/AABS.1701References
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9. Bernstein IM, Ziegler W, Badger GJ. Plasma volume expansion in early pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:669 .
10. Bjorksten B, Soderstrom T, Damber M-G et al. Polymorphonuclear leucocyte function during pregnancy. Scand J Immunol. 1978;8(3):257–262.
11. Chandra S., Tripathi AK, Mishra S et al. Physiological Changes in Hematological Parameters during Pregnancy. Indian J of Hematol Blood Transfus. 2012;28(3):144-146.
12. Das S, Char D, Sarkar S et al. Study of Hematological Parameters In Pregnancy. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences. 2013;12(1):42-44.
13. Svanberg B. Absorption of iron in pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 1975;48:1–108.
14. Foulkes J, Goldie DJ. The use of ferritin to assess the need for iron supplements in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol. 1982;3(1):11–16.
15. Imam TS and Yahaya A. Packed cell volume of pregnant women attending Dawakin Kudu General Hospital,kano State Nigeria. Int for P App Scs. 2008;2(2):46 -50.
16. Pitkin RM, Witte DL. Platelet and leucocyte count in pregnancy, JAMA 1979;242(24): 2696-2698.
17. Luppi P. How immune mechanisms are affected by pregnancy. Vaccine 2003; 21(24): 3352-3357.
18. Gatti L, Tinconi PM, Guarneri D et al. Hemostatic parameters and platelet activation by flow-cytometry in normal pregnancy: a longitudinal study. Internat J Clin Lab Res. 1994;24(4):217–219
19. Jessica M, Badger F, Hseih CC et al. Plasma volume expansion in pregnancy: implications for biomarkers in population studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers. 2007;16:1720
20. Kline AJ, Williams GW, Hernandez-Nino J. D-Dimer concentration in normal pregnancy: new diagnostic thresholds are needed. Clin Chem. 2005;51(5):825–829.
21. Shehlata N, Burrows RF, Kelton JG Gestational thrombocytopenia. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1999;42:327–334.
22. Fay RA, Hughes AO, Farron NT. Platelets in pregnancy: hyperdestruction in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1983;61(2):238–240.
23. Sultana GS, Haque SA, Sultana T et al. Role of red cell distribution width (RDW) in the detection of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy within the first 20 weeks of gestation. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull. 2011; 37(3): 102-105.
24. Karalis L, Nadan S, Yemen EA. Platelet activation in pregnancy induced hypertension. Thromb Res. 2005;116(5):377–383.
2. Allen LH: Anemia and Iron Deficiency:effects on pregnancy outcomes. Am J clin nutr,2000;71(5):1280-84.
3. Meng LZ, Goldenberg RL, Cliver S, Cutter G, Blankson M; The relationship between maternal hematocrit and pregnancy outcome. Obstet Gynecol, 1991; 77: 190-94.
4. Osonuga IO, OsonugaOA, Onadeko AA et al;Hematological profile of pregnant women in south west of Nigeria. Asian Pac J Trop Dis, 2011;3(1):232-234.
5. Purohit G, Shah T, Harshoda JM. Hematological profile of normal pregnant women in western India. Sch. J. App. Med. Sci.,2015;3(6A):2195-2199.
6. Harrison KA. Blood Volume Changes in normal pregnant Nigerian women. The Journal of obstretics and gynecology of the British Commonwealth.1996 ;73(5):717-723.
7. Akinsegun A Akinbami et al. Hematological Profile of normal pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria. Int J Womens Health. 2013;5:227-232.
8. Margaret R. Normal hematological changes during pregnancy and the puerperium. In:Pavord S, Hunt B (eds). The obstetric hematology manual. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010.
9. Bernstein IM, Ziegler W, Badger GJ. Plasma volume expansion in early pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:669 .
10. Bjorksten B, Soderstrom T, Damber M-G et al. Polymorphonuclear leucocyte function during pregnancy. Scand J Immunol. 1978;8(3):257–262.
11. Chandra S., Tripathi AK, Mishra S et al. Physiological Changes in Hematological Parameters during Pregnancy. Indian J of Hematol Blood Transfus. 2012;28(3):144-146.
12. Das S, Char D, Sarkar S et al. Study of Hematological Parameters In Pregnancy. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences. 2013;12(1):42-44.
13. Svanberg B. Absorption of iron in pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 1975;48:1–108.
14. Foulkes J, Goldie DJ. The use of ferritin to assess the need for iron supplements in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol. 1982;3(1):11–16.
15. Imam TS and Yahaya A. Packed cell volume of pregnant women attending Dawakin Kudu General Hospital,kano State Nigeria. Int for P App Scs. 2008;2(2):46 -50.
16. Pitkin RM, Witte DL. Platelet and leucocyte count in pregnancy, JAMA 1979;242(24): 2696-2698.
17. Luppi P. How immune mechanisms are affected by pregnancy. Vaccine 2003; 21(24): 3352-3357.
18. Gatti L, Tinconi PM, Guarneri D et al. Hemostatic parameters and platelet activation by flow-cytometry in normal pregnancy: a longitudinal study. Internat J Clin Lab Res. 1994;24(4):217–219
19. Jessica M, Badger F, Hseih CC et al. Plasma volume expansion in pregnancy: implications for biomarkers in population studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers. 2007;16:1720
20. Kline AJ, Williams GW, Hernandez-Nino J. D-Dimer concentration in normal pregnancy: new diagnostic thresholds are needed. Clin Chem. 2005;51(5):825–829.
21. Shehlata N, Burrows RF, Kelton JG Gestational thrombocytopenia. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1999;42:327–334.
22. Fay RA, Hughes AO, Farron NT. Platelets in pregnancy: hyperdestruction in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1983;61(2):238–240.
23. Sultana GS, Haque SA, Sultana T et al. Role of red cell distribution width (RDW) in the detection of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy within the first 20 weeks of gestation. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull. 2011; 37(3): 102-105.
24. Karalis L, Nadan S, Yemen EA. Platelet activation in pregnancy induced hypertension. Thromb Res. 2005;116(5):377–383.
Published
2017-11-12
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