Clinical and haematological characteristics of autoimmune haemolytic anemia: retrospective analysis of 10 cases
Keywords:
Autoimmune haemolytic anemia, cold agglutinin disease, direct antiglobin test
Abstract
Background: Autoimmune haemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a disease of red cell destruction due to different antibody types. They are of two types: warm antibody AIHA (IgG type) and cold agglutinin disease (IgM type). Direct Coombs test is the cornerstone for diagnosis of AIHA.Methods and results: A retrospective analysis of ten cases diagnosed with DAT were included. The cases showed female predilection (M: F = 1:9). Fatigue and breathlessness was the commonest presentation (90%) and Pallor was the most common (90%) physical examination finding. MCV (>100 fl) was seen in 9 cases (90%). Direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was positive in all ten cases (100%).Conclusion: AIHA is common in females and patients mainly present with anemia. Secondary cold AIHA was more common than primary and warm type of AIHA. Secondary AIHA was associated with connective tissue disorders.References
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2. Berentsen S, Sundic T. Red Blood Cell Destruction in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Role of Complement and Potential New Targets for Therapy.Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:363278. Epub 2015 Jan 29.
3. Choudhry VP, Passi GR, Pati HP. Clinico-hematological spectrum of auto-immune hemolytic anemia: an Indian experience. J Assoc Physicians India. 1996 Feb;44(2):112-4.
4. Baek SW, Lee MW, Ryu HW, Lee KS, Song IC, Lee HJ, Yun HJ, Kim S, Jo DY. Clinical features and outcomes of autoimmune hemolytic anemia: a retrospective analysis of 32 cases.Korean J Hematol. 2011 Jun;46(2):111-7.
5. Berentsen S1, Ulvestad E, Langholm R, Beiske K, Hjorth-Hansen H, Ghanima W, Sørbø JH, Tjønnfjord GE. Primary chronic cold agglutinin disease: a population based clinical study of 86 patients. Haematologica. 2006 Apr;91(4):460-6.
6. Genty I, Michel M, Hermine O, Schaeffer A, Godeau B, Rochant H. Characteristics of autoimmune haemolytic anemia in adults: Retrospective analysis of 83 cases. Rev Med Interne 2002;23:901-9.
7. Gertz MA. Cold agglutinin disease. Haematologica 2006;91(4):439-441.
8. Siberstein LE, Berkman EM, Schreiber AD. Cold hemagglutinin disease associated with IgG cold reactive antibody. Ann Intern Med 1987;106:238
9. Berentsen S. How I manage cold agglutinin disease. Br J Haematol 2011;153(3):309-317
10. Berensten S. Complement, cold agglutinins, and therapy. Blood 2014:123:4010
Published
2015-06-05
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