Hepatitis B Versus Hepatitis C in Blood Donors
Keywords:
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Transfusion transmitted diseases, Voluntary donors, Replacement donors
Abstract
Introduction -Transmission of infectious diseases through donated blood is of concern to blood safety as transfusion forms an integral part of medical and surgical therapy. Blood transfusion carries the risk of transfusion-transmissible infections, including HIV, hepatitis, syphilis, malaria and infrequently toxoplasmosis. With every unit of blood, there is 1% chance of transfusion-associated problems including transfusion-transmitted diseases.Among all infections HIV and hepatitis are the most dreadful.Aims & Objectives -To find out the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitisC virus in blood donors , to determine the incidence of transfusion related disease in blood donors, to find the incidence of spectrum of diseases in blood bank donation, to find the age distribution of the cases studied and to find the sex distribution of the cases studied.Material & methods -The present study is being undertaken in the Department of Pathology MGM Medical College Indore. This is a retrospective study that will be conducted, during the period 2008 –2013. Tests are routinely done on every blood unit to exclude HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis and malaria. Donors were selected by the standard criteria for donor fitness. The screening for HIV was done by ELISA using kits. HBS Ag was detected by ELISA. Anti-HCV test was done by ELISA.Results - In the present study, 94721 blood donors are observed in the year 2008-13 in the M. Y. Blood Bank.Majority of donors are voluntary donors 76.25 % as compared to replacement/relative donors 23.74 %.Out of total 94721 blood donations, majority of donors are male donors 94.9 % (89900) as compared to female donors 5.08 % (4821).The seroprevalence of HBV&HCV is 1.83% & 0.07% respectively.Seroprevalence is higher in the age group 26-35 year for HBV (0.93 %). HCV (0.025 %) is prevalent higher in age group 18-25 year. Over all Seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted disease in all donations in the year 2008-13 is 1.91 %. Seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted disease is higher in voluntary donors 1.44 % as compared to replacement/relative 0.532 % donors.Conclusion -voluntary blood donation should be encouraged for prevention of transfusion-transmissible diseases. The time and cost involved in screening donated blood can be reduced by an effective donor education and selection program that promotes self-exclusion by donors at risk of transfusion-transmissible infections. Introducing nucleic acid testing (NAT) for HBsAg and HCV is recommended to detect the infection during window period. DOI: 10.21276/AABS.2017.1306References
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2. Arthos J, Cicala C, Martinelli E, Macleod K, Van Ryk D, Wei D, Xiao Z, Veenstra TD, Conrad TP, Lempicki RA, McLaughlin S, Pascuccio M, Gopaul R, McNally J, Cruz CC, Censoplano N, Chung E, Reitano KN, Kottilil S, Goode DJ, Fauci AS. (2008). "HIV-1 envelope protein binds to and signals through integrin alpha(4)beta(7), the gut mucosal homing receptor for peripheral T cells". Nature Immunol. In Press (3): 301–9.
3. Various (2008) (PDF). HIV Sequence Compendium 2008 Introduction. Retrieved 2009-03-31.
4. Haedicke, J.; Brown, C.; Naghavi, H. (Aug 2009). "The brain-specific factor FEZ1 is a determinant of neuronal susceptibility to HIV-1 infection". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 (33): 14040–14045.
5. Arauz-Ruiz P, Norder H, Robertson BH, Magnius LO (August 2002). "Genotype H: a new Amerindian genotype of hepatitis B virus revealed in Central America". J. Gen. Virol. 83 (Pt 8): 2059–73.
6. Coffin CS, Mulrooney-Cousins PM, van Marle G, Roberts JP, Michalak TI, Terrault NA (April 2011). "Hepatitis B virus (HBV) quasispecies in hepatic and extrahepatic viral reservoirs in liver transplant recipients on prophylactic therapy". Liver Transpl 17 (8): 955–62
7. Schwartz O, Maréchal V, Le Gall S, Lemonnier F, Heard JM (March 1996). "Endocytosis of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules is induced by the HIV-1 Nef protein". Nat. Med. 2 (3): 338–42.
8. Alpert E, Isselbacher KJ, Schur PH (July 1971). "The pathogenesis of arthritis associated with viral hepatitis. Complement-component studies". The New England Journal of Medicine 285(4): 1859.
9. Pungpapong S, Kim WR, Poterucha JJ (2007). "Natural History of Hepatitis B Virus Infection: an Update for Clinicians". Mayo Clinic Proceedings 82 (8): 967–975.
10. Schaefer S (January 2007). "Hepatitis B virus taxonomy and hepatitis B virus genotypes".World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG 13 (1): 14–21.
11. Pope M, Haase A (2003). "Transmission, acute HIV-1 infection and the quest for strategies to prevent infection".Nat Med 9 (7): 847–52.
12. Nagarekha Kulkarni “Analysis of the seroprevalence of HIV, HBsAg, HCV and syphilitic infections detected in the pretranfusion blood: A short report” http://www.ijbti.com/archive/2012-archive/100006IJBTINK2012-kulkarni/index.php
13. Dimple Arora, Bharti Arora, AnshulKhetarpal“Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis in blood donors in Southern Haryana" Year 2010 Vol: 53(2)Page308-309
14. Manisha Jain, Anita Chakravarti, VikasVerma, PreenaBhalla”Seroprevalence of hepatitis viruses in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus” Year : 2009 Vol: 52( 1)Page : 17-19
15. SmitaSood and ShirishMalvankar “Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen, Antibodies to the Hepatitis C Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in a Hospital-Based Population in Jaipur, Rajasthan”Year : 2010 , Vol : 35 (1)Page : 165-169
16. S Mishra, N Chayani, G Sarangi, B Mallick, SB Pati “Seroprevalence of anti HCV antibody in and around Cuttack, Orissa”year : 2002 Vol : 20 ( 1) Page : 40-41
17. Hahné SJ, Veldhuijzen IK, Wiessing L, Lim T-A, Salminen M, Laar M van de. Infection with hepatitis B and C virus in Europe: a systematic review of prevalence and cost-effectiveness of screening. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2013;13:181. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-181.
18. Mujeeb SA, Pearce MS. Temporal trends in hepatitis B and C infection in family blood donors from interior Sindh, Pakistan. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2008;8:43. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-43.
19. Viet L, Lan NTN, Ty PX, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis B & hepatitis C virus infections in potential blood donors in rural Vietnam. The Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2012;136(1):74-
Published
2017-02-14
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