Effect of Tetracycline therapy on Microfilaraemia and Antigenemia in Raipur city, Chhattisgarh state, India
Keywords:
Lymphatic filariasis, Wuchereria bancrofti, Microfilaraemia, Antigenemia
Abstract
Background: Lymphatic filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti is one of the major health problems and is transmitted in India by Cx. quinquefasciatus. Diethylcarbamazine remains the drug of choice in selective as well as mass chemotherapeutic programs against lymphatic filariasis. Treatment of filarae infected animals with tetracycline resulted in the elimination of Wolbachia endosymbiont from the filarial tissues, prevented parasite establishment, filarial growth and rendered adult worm sterile.Method: Tetracycline capsules (200 mg/day) were given to microfilaraemic patients for 30 days and mf count and antigen level in their blood and infection & infectivity rates in their house hold Culex mosquitoes were assessed post tetracycline therapy.Results: It was found that mf counts and antigenemia in the blood & infection & infectivity rates in the mosquitoes were reduced gradually up to 24th months post tetracycline therapy.Conclusion: Targetting endosymbiont Wolbachia using antibiotics might be effective controlling measure in lymphatic filariasis.References
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2. Ottesen, E.A., Ismail, M.M. and Horton: Parasitology Today, 15, 382- 386, 1999.
3. Addiss, D.G., Eberhard, M.L., Lammie, P.J. Hitch, W.L. and Harrison, C.S.: Tolerance of single high dose ivermectin for treatment of lymphatic filariasis. Transaction of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 85, 265-266, 1991.
4. World Health Organization: Fifth Report of the Expert Committee on filariasis. Technical Report Series, 821, 1992.
5. Bandi, C., Anderson, T.J.G., Genchi, C. & Blaxter, M.L.: Phylogeny of Wolbachia in filarial nematodes. Proc R Soc Lond, B 265, 2407-2413, 1998.
6. Dobson, S.L., Bourtzis K., Braig, H.R., Jones, B.F., Zou, W., Rousett, F. and O’Neill, S.L. : Wolbachia infections are distributed through insect somatic and germ line tissues. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 29, 153-160, 1999.
7. Hoerauf, A., Volkman, L., Hamelmann, C., Adjei, O., Autennrieth, I.B., Fleischer, B., Buttner, D.W.: Endosymbiotic bacteria in worms as targets for a novel chemotherapy in filariasis. Lancet, 355, 1242-1243, 2000.
8. Langworthy, N.G., Renz, A., Mackenstedt, U., Henkle-Duhrsen, K., De Bronnsvoort, M.B., Tanya, V.N., Donnelly, M.J. and Trees, A.J.: Macrofilaricidal activity of tetracycline against the filarial nematodes Onchocerca ochengi: elimination of Wolbachia precedes worm death and suggests a dependent relationship. Proceeding of the Royal Society of London Biological Sciences, 7, 267 (1448), 1063-1069, 2000.
9. Hoerauf, A., Mand, S., Fischer, K. et al: Doxycycline as a novel strategy against bancroftian filariasis-depletion of Wolbachia endosymbionts from Wuchereria bancrofti and stop of microfilaria production. Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl), 192, 211-16, 2003.
10. Cross, H.F., Haarbrink, M., Egerton, G., Yazdanbakhsh, M., Taylor, M.J.: Severe reactions to filarial chemotherapy and release of Wolbachia endosymbionts into blood. Lancet, 358, 1873-1875, 2001.
11. Keiser, P.B., Reynolds, S.M., Awadzi, K., Ottesen, E.A., Taylor, M.J., Nutman, T.B. : Bacterial endosymbionts of Onchocerca volvulus in the pathogenesis of posrtreatment reactions. J Infect Dis, 185, 805-811, 2002.
12. Chopra, I., Roberts, M.: Tetracycline antibiotics: mode of action, applications, molecular biology, and epidemiology of bacterial resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, 65, 232-260, 2001.
Published
2016-02-07
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