Current State of Immunotherapy With PD-1 Inhibitors for Solid Tumours
Keywords:
Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has become a successful treatment for many cancers. PD-1 inhibitors (Pembrolizumab, nivolumab) are immune checkpoint inhibitors. These agents use the body’s own immune system to attack growing cancer cells. They are used in the treatment of a variety of cancers and have had the most success in the treatment of advanced and metastatic melanoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma, providing adequate overall response rate and overall survival benefit. Compared to chemotherapy, pembrolizumab and nivolumab are better tolerated by patients and common side effects include fatigue and decreased appetite. However, there are severe immune-related side effects associated with immunotherapy, including pneumonitis, which may cause patients to discontinue their treatment.References
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11. Costa R, Carneiro BA, Agulnik M, Rademaker AW, Pai SG, Villaflor VM, et al. Toxicity profile of approved anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Oncotarget 2017; 8:8910-20.
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2. Weber JS, Dangelo SP, Minor D, Hodi FS, Gutzmer R, Neyns B, et al. Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma who progressed after anti-CTLA-4 treatment (CheckMate 037): A randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:375-84.
3. Ramalingam S, Hui R, Gandhi L, Carcereny E, Felip E, Ahn M, et al. Long-term OS for patients with advanced NSCLC enrolled in the KEYNOTE-001 study of pembrolizumab. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11.
4. Langer CJ, Gadgeel SM, Borghaei H, Papadimitrakopoulou VA, Patnaik A, Powell SF, et al. Carboplatin and pemetrexed with or without pembrolizumab for advanced, non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomised, phase 2 cohort of the open-label KEYNOTE-021 study. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17:1497-508.
5. Brahmer J, Reckamp KL, Baas P, Crinò L, Eberhardt WE, Poddubskaya E, et al. Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer. New Engl J Med 2015; 373:123-35.
6. Borghaei H, Paz-Ares L, Horn L, Spigel DR, Steins M, Ready NE, et al. Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. New Engl J Med 2015; 373:1627-39.
7. Reck M, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Robinson AG, Hui R, Csőszi T, Fülöp A, et al. Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for PD-L1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. New Engl J Med 2016; 375:1823-33.
8. Carbone DP, Reck M, Paz-Ares L, Creelan B, Horn L, Steins M, et al. First-line nivolumab in stage IV or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer. New Engl J Med 2017; 376:2415-26.
9. Ribas A, Puzanov I, Dummer R, Schadendorf D, Hamid O, Robert C, et al. Pembrolizumab versus investigator-choice chemotherapy for ipilimumab-refractory melanoma (KEYNOTE-002): a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:908-18.
10. Sul J, Blumenthal GM, Jiang X, He K, Keegan P, Pazdur R. FDA approval summary: pembrolizumab for the treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer whose tumors express programmed death-ligand 1. Oncologist 2016; 21:643-50.
11. Costa R, Carneiro BA, Agulnik M, Rademaker AW, Pai SG, Villaflor VM, et al. Toxicity profile of approved anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Oncotarget 2017; 8:8910-20.
12. Lopes G, et al. Immunotherapy pembrolizumab works better than chemotherapy alone as initial treatment for most advanced lung cancers. Presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, June 1-5, 2018.
Published
2018-11-14
Issue
Section
Review Article
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