A Study on The Prevalence of ABO Blood Groups in Malaria Infection
Keywords:
Malaria, Blood group, ABO, Rh, Vivax, Falciparum
Abstract
Objectives: To analyse the distribution of blood groups in malaria positive patients in and around the city of Mangalore. Materials and methods: This study was conducted from January 2015-December 2015. The study group consisted of malaria positive patients diagnosed by MPFT or MP Smear. Blood grouping, complete blood counts and peripheral smear examinations were done in these patients. Results: During the 1 year period of our study, there were 278 malaria positive patients. Of the 278 malaria positive cases, 262 (94.24%) cases were P.vivax, 2 (0.72%) were P.falciparum & 14 (5.04%) were mixed infections. The vast majority of the patients were male (83.5%) and the largest number of cases were seen in the 20-29 age group (39.9%). The most common peripheral smear finding was thrombocytopenia. 256 (92.1%) of the patients were Rh positive and only 22 (7.9%) of cases were Rh negative. The most common ABO blood group seen was O in 38.13% followed by B in 28.78%. A blood group had 26.6% and AB had only 6.83%. Overall, the most common of the 8 ABO-Rh groups seen was O positive (35.6%) followed by B positive (26.3%). Conclusions: In our study, malaria is found to be more prevalent in males, the most common species is P.vivax and most common age group is 20-29yrs. The most common haematological abnormality seen was thrombocytopenia and overall, malaria is seen to occur most in the O positive blood group which is in concordance with most other studies.References
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31. Lopansri BK, Anstey NM, Weinberg JB, Stoddard GJ, Hobbs MR, Levesque MC, et al. Low plasma arginine concentrations in children with cerebral malaria and decreased nitric oxide production. Lancet. 2003;361:676–8.
32. Jenkins PV, O'Donnell JS. ABO blood group determines plasma von Willebrand factor levels: a biologic function after all? Transfusion. 2006;46:1836–44.
33. Van der Heyde HC, Nolan J, Combes V, Gramaglia I, Grau GE. A unified hypothesis for the genesis of cerebral malaria: sequestration, inflammation and hemostasis leading to microcirculatory dysfunction. Trends Parasitol. 2006;22:503–8
34. Rowe JA, Handel IG, Thera MA, Deans AM, Lyke KE, Kone A, et al. Blood group O protects against severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria through the mechanism of reduced rosetting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104:17471–6.
35. Daniels G. The molecular genetics of blood group polymorphism. Transpl Immunol. 2005;14:143–53
36. Rowe J, Opi D, Williams T. Blood groups and malaria: fresh insights into pathogenesis and identification of targets for intervention. Curr Opin Hematol. 2009;16:480-7.
37. Culleton R, Ferreira P. Duffy Phenotype and Plasmodium vivax infections in Humans and Apes, Africa. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18:1704-5.
38. Menard D, Barnadas C, Bouchier C, Henry-Halldin C, Gray L, Ratsimbasoa A, et al. Plasmodium vivax clinical malaria is commonly observed in Duffy-negative Malagasy people. P Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;107:5967-71.
39. Gunalan K, Lo E, Hostetler J, Yewhalaw D, Mu J, Neafsey D, et al. Role of Plasmodium vivax Duffy-binding protein 1 in invasion of Duffy-null Africans. P Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016;113:6271-6.
2. Luo Z, Sullivan S, Carlton J. The biology of Plasmodium vivax explored through genomics. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015;1342:53-61.
3. Sutherland C, Tanomsing N, Nolder D, Oguike M, Jennison C, Pukrittayakamee S, et al. Two Nonrecombining Sympatric Forms of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium ovale occur globally. J Infect Dis. 2010;201(10):1544-50.
4. Singh B, Kim Sung L, Matusop A, Radhakrishnan A, Shamsul SS, Cox-Singh J, et al. A large focus of naturally acquired Plasmodium knowlesi infections in human beings. Lancet. 2004;363:1017-24.
5. Lee W, Malleret B, Lau Y, Mauduit M, Fong M, Cho J et al. Glycophorin C (CD236R) mediates vivax malaria parasite rosetting to normocytes. Blood. 2014;123:e100-9.
6. Barragan A, Kremsner P, Wahlgren M, Carlson J. Blood Group A Antigen Is a Coreceptor in Plasmodium falciparum Rosetting. Infect Immun. 2000;68:2971-5.
7. Thakur A, Verma IC. Malaria and ABO blood groups. Indian J Malariol. 1992;29:241-4.
8. Cserti C, Dzik W. The ABO blood group system and Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Blood. 2007;110:2250-8.
9. Al-Yaman F, Genton B, Mokela D, Raiko A, Kati S, Rogerson S, et al. Human cerebral malaria: lack of significant association between erythrocyte rosetting and disease severity. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1995;89:55-8.
10. Fischer PR, Boone P. Short report: Severe malaria associated with blood group. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998;58:122–3.
11. Pathirana SL, Alles HK, Bandara S, Phonekyaw M, Perera MK, Wickremasinghe SR, et al. ABO blood group types and protection against severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2005;99:119–24.
12. Rowe JA, Handel IG, Thera MA, Deans AM, Lyke KE, Kone A, et al. Blood group O protects against severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria through the mechanism of reduced rosetting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104:17471-6.
13. Tekeste Z, Petros B. The ABO blood group and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Awash, Metehara and Ziway areas, Ethiopia. Malar J. 2010;9:280.
14. Akanbi OM, Badaki JA, Adeniran OY, Olotu OO. Effect of blood group and demographic characteristics on malaria infection, oxidative stress and haemoglobin levels in South Western Nigeria. Africa J Microbiol Res. 2010;4:877–80.
15. Panda A, Panda S, Sahu A, Tripathy R, Ravindran B, Das B. Association of ABO blood group with severe falciparum malaria in adults: case control study and meta-analysis. Malar J. 2011;10:309.
16. Deepa, Alwar VA, Rameshkumar K, Ross C. ABO blood groups and malaria related clinical outcome. J Vector Borne Dis. 2011;48:7-11.
17. Tewodros Z, Abraham D, Berhanu E. Association of ABO blood group and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Dore Bafeno Area, Southern Ethiopia. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2011;1:289-94.
18. Gupte SC, Patel AG, Patel TG. Association of ABO groups in malaria infection of variable severity. J Vector Borne Dis. 2012;49:78–81.
19. Otajevwo FD, Igoniwari SF. Malaria Parasitaemia Association with ABO Blood Types among Students of a Private University in Western Delta, Nigeria. Int J Trop Dis Health. 2014;4:540-54.
20. Gayathri BN, Harendra KML, Gomathi N, Jeevan S, Reethesh RP. Relationship between ABO blood groups and malaria with clinical outcome in rural area of South India. Glob J Med Public Health. 2013;2:1-7.
21. Singh G, Urhekar AD, Singh R. A study on correlation of malaria infection with A, B, O, RH blood group system. J Parasitol Vector Biol. 2015;7:67-73.
22. Tela IA, Modibbo MH, Adamu LH, Taura MG. Prevalence of Malaria Infection Among ABO Blood Groups in Jama’are, Nigeria. RA J Appl Res. 2015;1:255-62.
23. Bamou R, Sevidzem SL. ABO/Rhesus blood group systems and malaria prevalence among students of the University of Dschang, Cameroon. Malar World J. 2016;7:1-4.
24. Agrawal A, Bhattacharya P, Kamath S, Mehta N, Tiwari A, Tulsiani S, et al. ABO and Rh (D) group distribution and gene frequency; the first multicentric study in India. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2014;8:121-6.
25. Rao C, Shetty J. Frequency of ABO and Rhesus (D) blood groups in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka - a study from rural tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. Nitte Univ J Health Sci. 2014;4:57-60.
26. Lublin DM, Griffith RC, Atkinson JP. Influence of glycosylation on allelic and cell-specific Mr variation, receptor processing, and ligand binding of the human complement C3b/C4b receptor. J Biol Chem. 1986;261:5736–44.
27. Carlson J, Holmquist G, Taylor DW, Perlmann P, Wahlgren M. Antibodies to a histidine-rich protein (PfHRP1) disrupt spontaneously formed Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte rosettes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1990;87:2511–5.
28. Carlson J, Wahlgren M. Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte rosetting is mediated by promiscuous lectin-like interactions. J Exp Med. 1992;176:1311–7
29. Chen Q, Heddini A, Barragan A, Fernandex V, Pearce SF, Wahlgren M. The semi-conserved head structure of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 mediates binding to multiple independent host receptors. J Exp Med. 2000;192:1–9.
30. Chen Q, Schlichtherle M, Wahlgren M. Molecular aspects of severe malaria. Clin Micro Rev. 2000;13:439–50.
31. Lopansri BK, Anstey NM, Weinberg JB, Stoddard GJ, Hobbs MR, Levesque MC, et al. Low plasma arginine concentrations in children with cerebral malaria and decreased nitric oxide production. Lancet. 2003;361:676–8.
32. Jenkins PV, O'Donnell JS. ABO blood group determines plasma von Willebrand factor levels: a biologic function after all? Transfusion. 2006;46:1836–44.
33. Van der Heyde HC, Nolan J, Combes V, Gramaglia I, Grau GE. A unified hypothesis for the genesis of cerebral malaria: sequestration, inflammation and hemostasis leading to microcirculatory dysfunction. Trends Parasitol. 2006;22:503–8
34. Rowe JA, Handel IG, Thera MA, Deans AM, Lyke KE, Kone A, et al. Blood group O protects against severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria through the mechanism of reduced rosetting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104:17471–6.
35. Daniels G. The molecular genetics of blood group polymorphism. Transpl Immunol. 2005;14:143–53
36. Rowe J, Opi D, Williams T. Blood groups and malaria: fresh insights into pathogenesis and identification of targets for intervention. Curr Opin Hematol. 2009;16:480-7.
37. Culleton R, Ferreira P. Duffy Phenotype and Plasmodium vivax infections in Humans and Apes, Africa. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18:1704-5.
38. Menard D, Barnadas C, Bouchier C, Henry-Halldin C, Gray L, Ratsimbasoa A, et al. Plasmodium vivax clinical malaria is commonly observed in Duffy-negative Malagasy people. P Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;107:5967-71.
39. Gunalan K, Lo E, Hostetler J, Yewhalaw D, Mu J, Neafsey D, et al. Role of Plasmodium vivax Duffy-binding protein 1 in invasion of Duffy-null Africans. P Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016;113:6271-6.
Published
2018-08-27
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