A Study of Rapid Leishman Stain on Peripheral Blood Smear
Keywords:
Modified Leishman stain, Quality Index, Peripheral blood smear
Abstract
Background: Romanowsky stains are universally used for routine staining of peripheral blood smears. Among these Leishman stain is most commonly used in hematology laboratories worldwide. This study was done to stain peripheral blood smears with modified Leishman stain (MLS) on Day 1, Day 5, Day 10 of preparation of the stain and to assess the quality of staining by scoring the stained smears by calculating the Quality Index (QI) and comparing the scores with normal peripheral smear. Methods: Study was done in the hematology section of our institute from December 2016 to February 2017 on a sample size of hundred and one. (MLS) was prepared by adding phenol to the Leishman stain. All cases were stained with modified Leishman stain on day 1, 5 and 10 after preparing the stain. All the smears were scored based on overall staining, cytoplasmic staining, nuclear morphology, red cell staining and platelet staining. Quality index was calculated by dividing the score obtained by maximum score possible. Result: Overall staining, cytoplasmic staining, nuclear morphology, red cell staining and platelet staining were better on day 10 after preparation of MLS when compared to day 1 and day 5. The Quality Index of stained smears normal leishman stained smear was 0.95, score on day 1 of preparing stain was 0.71, score on day 5 was 0.73 and day 10 of preparing stain was 0.89. Conclusion: MLS can be used for staining of thin peripheral blood smears in 4 minutes, unlike the conventional Leishman stain method which takes about 10-15 minutes.References
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Giemsa-Lillie-Roe-Wilcox stain. The mystery unfolds. Clin Lab Med. 1993;13:759-771
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Giemsa stain for rapid detection of malaria parasites in blood smears. Trop Doct. 2011
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11. Fasakin KA, Okogun, Omisakin CT, Adeyemi AA, Esan British AJ. Modified Leishman
Stain: The Mystery Unfolds. J Med Medical Res 2014; 4(27): 4591- 4606.
12. Lamana, C. The nature of the acid-fast stain. J Bacteriol 1946; 52:99-103.
2. Sathpathi S, Mohanty A, Satpathi P, Mishra S, Behera P, Patel G et al. Comparing Leishman and Giemsa staining for the assessment of peripheral blood smear preparations in a malaria endemic region in India. Malaria J 2014;13(1):512.
3. Wittekind D. On the nature of Romanowsky dyes and the Romanowsky-Giemsa effect.
Clinical & Laboratory Haematol 2008;1(4):247-262.
4. Woronzoff-Dashkoff KP. The Erlich-Cheminsky-Grumwald-Leishman-Ructer-Wright-
Giemsa-Lillie-Roe-Wilcox stain. The mystery unfolds. Clin Lab Med. 1993;13:759-771
5. Bain, Barbara & Mitchell Lewis, S.. Preparation and staining methods for blood and bone
marrow films. In; Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology. 11th ed.Amsterdam: Elsevier health sciences; 2011. p.62.
6. Weber M, Weber M, Kleine B M. P. In: Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. 7th ed, Weinheim:Wiley-VCH;2004.
7. Wittekind D, Kretschmer V, Sohmer I. Azure B-eosin Y stain as the standard Romanowsky-Giemsa stain. British J Hematol 1982;51(3):391-393.
8. Mathur A, Tripathi A, Kuse M. Scalable system for classification of white blood cells from Leishman stained blood stain images. J Pathol Informatics 2013;4(2):15.
9. K.D. Chatterjee, Examination of blood for parasites, In: Parasitology.13 th ed, CBS;2015.
10. Jager MM, Murk JL, Piqué RD, Hekker TA, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM. Five-minute
Giemsa stain for rapid detection of malaria parasites in blood smears. Trop Doct. 2011
;41(1):33-5.
11. Fasakin KA, Okogun, Omisakin CT, Adeyemi AA, Esan British AJ. Modified Leishman
Stain: The Mystery Unfolds. J Med Medical Res 2014; 4(27): 4591- 4606.
12. Lamana, C. The nature of the acid-fast stain. J Bacteriol 1946; 52:99-103.
Published
2019-04-30
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