Prevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Infections from Eastern Part of India

A 5-Year Experience

  • Chumila Thinley Bhutia Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim
  • Deepak Das Jorhat Medical College& Hospital, Jorhat, Assam, India
Keywords: Transfusion transmitted infections, blood transfusion, blood donors, ELISA

Abstract

Background: Blood transfusion saves millions of lives everyday across the world. However, transmission of infections along with blood transfusion though can be minimized but cannot be completely avoided. The chance of transmitting infections is higher in underdeveloped laboratories with limited resources. Transfusion transmitted infections (TTI’s) can cause significant morbidity and mortality as well. Methods: A retrospective data analysis was carried out in SMIMS, Gangtok, in the far eastern part of India to estimate the incidence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTI’s) in the last five years, from January, 2013 to December, 2017. 5 ml of venous blood was collected from each donor and blood was screened for HBsAg, HIV, HCV, Syphilis and Malaria using card tests. The reactive cases were confirmed with third generation ELISA, TrueLISATM. Result: A total of 10,011 blood donors were screened from January, 2013 to December, 2017. Male voluntary donors were more compared to female donors. Among the 135 seropositive cases 92 donors (0.91%) were positive for HBsAg, 23 donors (0.22%) were positive for anti HCV, 16 donors (0.15%) were positive for HIV while 4 donors(0.04%) were positive for syphilis. No case of malaria was noted in our study. The overall prevalence of HBsAg, HCV, HIV and syphilis was 0.91%, 0.15%, 0.22%, and 0.04% respectively. Conclusion: The goal of routine blood transfusion should be to decrease the seroprevalance of TTI’s. Strict blood donor selection and proper screening methods along with nucleic acid detection can help in reducing the seroprevalance of TTI’s.

Author Biographies

Chumila Thinley Bhutia, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim
Department of Pathology
Deepak Das, Jorhat Medical College& Hospital, Jorhat, Assam, India
Department of Pathology

References

1. Widman FK (ed) Technical manual. American Association of Blood Banks, Arlington, 1985; pp 325–344
2. Gupta R, Singh B, Singh DK, Chugh M. Prevalence and trends of transfusion transmitted infections in a regional blood transfusion centre. Asian J Transfus Sci 2011;5:177 8.
3. Pailoor K, Keshava S M, Rai P, D'Cunha O, Lakshmi C. A Retrospective Study of Screening of Common Transfusion Transmitted Infections in the Blood Bank of a Tertiary Care Centre. J Blood Disorders Transf 2015;6:2
4. Fernandes H, D’souza P F, D’souza P M. Prevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Infections in Voluntary and Replacement Donors. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2010 Sep; 26(3): 89–91.
5. Pallavi P, Ganesh C K, Jayashree K, Manjunath G V. Seroprevalence and Trends in Transfusion Transmitted Infections Among Blood Donors in a University Hospital Blood Bank: A 5 Year Study. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2011 Mar; 27(1): 1–6.
6. Matee MJ, Magesa PM, Lyamuya E. Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses and syphilis infections among blood donors at the Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar ES Salaem, Tanzania. BMC Public Health.2006; 6:21
7. Garg S, Mathur DR, Garg DK. Comparison of seropositivity of HIV. HBV, HCV and syphilis in replacement and voluntary blood donors in western India. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2001;44:409–412.
8. Sing B, Verma M, Verma K. Markers for transfusion associated hepatitis in north Indian blood donors: prevalence and trends. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2004;57:49–51
9. Srikrishna A, Sitalaxmi S, Prema Damodar S. How safe are our safe donors? Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 1999;42:411–416.
10. Ekadashi R, Langer S (2009) Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and syphilis in blood donors of Delhi. Indian J Microbiol 27:167–168
11. Makroo RN, Sahil P, Vashist RP, Lal S. Trends of HIV infection in blood donors of Delhi. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 1996;39:139–142.
12. Choudhury N, Phadke S. Transfusion transmitted disease. Indian J Paediatr. 2001;68:951–958. doi: 10.1007/BF02722595.
13. Sawke N, Sawke GK, Chawla S. Seroprevalence of common transfusion—transmitted infections among blood donors. People’s J Sci Res. 2010;30:5–7.
14. Chandra T, Kumar A, Gupta A. Prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections in blood donors: an Indian experience. Trop Doct. 2009;39:152–154. doi: 10.1258/td.2008.080330.
15. Anjali H, Issac A, Anjali MR, Anish TS. Transfusion transmissible infections among voluntary blood donors at Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Asian J Transfus Sci.2012;6:55 6
16. Pahuja S, Sharma M, Baitha B, Jain M. Prevalence and trends of markers of hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus and human immunodefciency virus in Delhi blood donors: A hospital based study. Jpn J Infect Dis 2007;60:389 91.
17. Arora D, Arora B, Khetarpal A. Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis in blood donors in Southern Haryana. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2010;53:308 9.
18. Bhattacharya P, Chandra PK, Datta S, Banerjee A, Chakraborty S, Rajendran K, et al. Signifcant increase in HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis infections among blood donors in West Bengal, Eastern India 2004 2005: Exploratory screening reveals high frequency of occult HBV infection. World J Gastroenterol 2007;13:3730 3.
19. Adhikari L, Bhatta D, Tsering DC, Sharma DK, Pal R, Gupta A. Infectious disease markers in blood donors at Central Referral Hospital, Gangtok, Sikkim. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2010;4:41–2.
20. Azarkeivan A, Nasiritoosi M, Kafiabad SA, Maghsudlu M, Hajibeigi B, Hadizadeh M. Evaluation of new cases of HCV infection in thalassaemia patients for source of infection. Asian J Transfus Sci 2011;
21. Tafuri S, Prato R, Martinelli D, Melpignano L, De Palma M, Quarto M, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis B, C, HIV and syphilis markers among refugees in Bari, Italy. BMC Infect Dis 2010;10:213.
22. Elghannam DM, Aly RM, Goda EF, Eltoraby EE, Farag RE. Clinical signifcance of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in multitransfused hemodialysis patients. Asian J Transfus Sci 2009;3:14 7.
23. Durro V, Qyra S. Trends in prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among Albanian blood donors, 1999 2009. Virol J 2011;8:96.
Published
2019-12-01
Section
Original Article