Histopathological and Histomorphometric analysis of Pancreas and liver of diabetic rats treated with Mucuna Pruriens seed extract.
Keywords:
Histomorphometric analysis, Mucuna Pruriens, pancreas, Liver, Diabetes
Abstract
Background: Medicinal plants play a major role in controlling diabetes by producing microstructural changes in liver and pancreas. Quantification of islets and hepatocytes by using histomorphometric tools are effective in evaluating the antidiabetic action of drugs.Aims and Objectives: To assess the anti diabetic properties of alcoholic extracts of Mucuna Pruriens seeds (200 mg/kg b.w) by means of histological and histomorphometric analysis of pancreas and liver .Methods:Seventy two neonatal wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, i.e. Normal , Diabetic control, diabetic rats treated with Mucuna and Glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (65mg/kg b.w) in 5 day old neonatal rats (n =54).12 weeks after the injection, animals were divided in to four groups with 18 animals in each. The study groups were as follows. Group A -Normal control, Group B – STZ untreated, Group C - Mucuna Pruriens 200mg/kg, Group D -Glibenclamide (1mg/kg).Fasting blood sugar levels were monitored once a week during the drug study .i.e. 12 weeks. At the end of every 4th week, 6 animals from each group were sacrificed for histological and histomorphometric studies on liver and Pancreas.Results: From the histological studies, the diabetic group showed reduction of cell population in the pancreas and depletion of the number of hepatocytes in the liver. After 12 weeks of Drug treatment, These changes were markedly reduced in Mucuna Pruriens treated group. The obtained results were further quantified by means of Histomorphometric analysis and the results showed reduction in the number and diameter of islets, number of beta cells and number of healthy hepatocytes in diabetic control group and treatment with Mucuna Pruriens seed extract significantly reversed these changes (p < 0.05)DOI:10.21276/APALM.1516References
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2. Gao HX, Regier EE, Close KL. International Diabetes Federation World Diabetes Congress 2015. J Diabetes. 2016 May ;8(3):300–2.
3. Ogbonnaya EC, Eleazu KC, Chukwuma S, Essien UN. Review of the mechanism of cell death resulting from streptozotocin challenge in experimental animals, its practical use and potential risk to humans. J Diabetes Metab Disord . 2013;12(1):60.
4. Stern Z, Levy R. Analysis of direct cost of standard compared with intensive insulin treatment of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and cost of complications. Acta Diabetol. 1996;33(1):48–52.
5. Elder C. Ayurveda for diabetes mellitus: A review of the biomedical literature. Altern Ther Health Med. 2004;10(1):44–50.
6. Majekodunmi SO, Oyagbemi AA, Umukoro S, Odeku OA. Evaluation of the anti-diabetic properties of Mucuna pruriens seed extract. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011;4(8):632–6. 6. Akbarzadeh A, Norouzian D, Mehrabi MR, Jamshidi S, Farhangi A, Allah Verdi A, et al. A B C D Induction of diabetes by Streptozotocin in rats. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2007;22(2):60–4.
7. Portha B, Blondel O, Serradas P, McEvoy R, Giroix MH, Kergoat M, et al. The rat models of non-insulin dependent diabetes induced by neonatal streptozotocin .Diabète & métabolisme 1989;15(2):61-75.
8. West MJ. Introduction to stereology. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2012;7(8):843–51.
9. Elias H, Hyde DM. An elementary introduction to stereology (quantitative microscopy). Am J Anat. 1980;159(4):411–46.
10. Dorothy IS and WR. Animal Models in Diabetes Research. Anim Model Diabetes Res. 2012;933:219–28.
11. Srinivasan K, Ramarao P. Animal models in type 2 diabetes research: an overview. Indian J Med Res. 2007;125(3):451–72.
12. Bhaskar A, Vidhya VG, Ramya M. Hypoglycemic effect of Mucuna pruriens seed extract on normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Fitoterapia. 2008;79(7–8):539–43.
13. Lorenzetti F, Macisaac S, Arnason JT, Buckles D. The phytochemistry , toxicology , and food potential of velvetbean (Mucuna Adans. spp., Fabaceae). Africa (Lond). 2010;1–11.
14. Tatar M, Qujeq D, Feizi F, Parsian H, Sohan Faraji A, Halalkhor S, et al. Effects of Teucrium Polium Aerial Parts extract on oral glucose tolerance tests and pancreas histopathology in Streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Mol Cell Med [Internet]. 2012;1(1):44–9.
15. Nugent DA, Smith DM, Jones HB. A review of islet of Langerhans degeneration in rodent models of type 2 diabetes. Toxicol Pathol. 2008;36(4):529–51.
16. Herrman CE, Sanders RA, Klaunig JE, Schwarz LR, Watkins JB. Decreased apoptosis as a mechanism for hepatomegaly in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. Toxicol Sci. 1999;50(1):146–51.
17. Rajesh R, Singh AS, Vaithy AK, Manimekalai K, Kotasthane D, Rajasekar SS. The effect of mucuna pruriens seed extract on pancreas and liver of diabetic wistar rats. Int J Cur Res Rev. 2016;8(4).
18. Bhartiya D. Stem cells to replace or regenerate the diabetic pancreas: Huge potential & existing hurdles. Indian J Med Res. 2016;143(3):267–74.
19. Celton-Morizur S, Merlen G, Couton D, Desdouets C. Polyploidy and liver proliferation Central role of insulin signaling. Vol. 9, Cell Cycle. 2010. p. 460–6.
20. Lee E, Kwack SJ, Park KL, Kim SH, Kang TS, Lee J, et al. Evaluation of liver and thyroid toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats after exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether BDE-209. J Toxicol Sci. 2010;35(4):535–45.
21. Zaret KS, Grompe M. Generation and regeneration of cells of the liver and pancreas. Science . 2008;322(5907):1490–4.
Published
2017-10-27
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