Clinico-hematological analysis of pancytopenia in adults – A two year prospective study

  • Reenal Rohit Patel MGM Medical college and Hospital, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai
  • Manisha Tambekar MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai
  • Reeta Dhar MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai
Keywords: Pancytopenia, Malaria, Dengue, Megaloblastic anemia.

Abstract

Background: Pancytopenia is a common hematological finding resulting from various diseases which requires thorough clinical history, physical examination and blood investigations so as to evaluate the cause and plan the management of pancytopenic patients. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence, various causes, common clinical presentations of pancytopenia and to correlate hematological parameters with clinical findings in differentiating causes of pancytopenia.Methods: A two year prospective study which included patients of age 15 years and above having pancytopenia on blood film examination ( Hb < 10g/dl, TLC < 4000/cmm and platelets < 1lakh/ cmm). Total 226 cases of pancytopenia were evaluated clinically along with hematological parameters and bone marrow aspiration in Central Laboratory of Department of Pathology, Tertiary care hospital, Navi Mumbai. Results:  The most common causes of pancytopenia were malaria (50%), megaloblastic anemia (18.6%) and dengue (18.1%) followed by hypersplenism (7.1%) and iron deficiency anemia. The other uncommon causes were septicemia (2.2%), AIDS (1.8%), tuberculosis (1.8%), aplastic anemia (1.3%), leptospirosis (0.9%), dimorphic anemia (0.9%), dyskeratosis congenita (0.4%) and myelodysplastic syndrome (0.4%). The age of the patients ranged from 15-85 years with male preponderance. The most common clinical features were weakness (80%), fever (72.1%), pallor (100%) and hepatomegaly (62.8%). Normocytic normochromic was the predominant blood picture.Conclusion:  The present study concludes that detailed primary hematological investigations and other supportive biochemical investigations can be helpful to rule out or to diagnose causes of pancytopenia and invasive procedures like bone marrow aspiration or biopsy can be avoided in majority of cases.  DOI:10.21276/APALM.1519

Author Biographies

Reenal Rohit Patel, MGM Medical college and Hospital, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai
Department of Pathology
Manisha Tambekar, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai
Department of Pathology
Reeta Dhar, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai
Department of Pathology

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Published
2018-02-27
Section
Original Article