Evaluation of biofilm formation by three different methods and its antibiogram with special reference to indwelling medical devices from a tertiary care hospital
Keywords:
Biofilm production, tissue culture method, Indwelling medical devices
Abstract
Introduction and objective: Biofilms represent the exopolysaccharides produced by the bacteria on various indwelling devices in which they remain enmeshed. These bacteria are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents causing chronic and recurrent infections. So the present study was undertaken to detect biofilms from clinical isolates by three different methods with its antibiotic resistance pattern and association with various indwelling devices.Material and methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Indian Institute of Medical Science and Research Jalna over a period of three months .This is a cross-sectional type of observational study. A total of 112 clinical isolates were first identified by standard microbiological tests and then screened for biofilm formation by 1)Tube method,2)Tissue culture method and 3) Congo red agar method. Their antibiotic sensitivity pattern was determined using Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method and association with indwelling medical devices was observed prospectively& retrospectively.Results :Out of the 112 clinical isolates,we found 50.9% isolates produced biofilm by tissue culture method,33(29.46%) by tube method and only16(14.25%) by Congo red agar method.The predominant biofilm producer was Pseudomonas(70%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus(61.1%), Klebsiella (45.83%),Coagulase negative Staphylococcus(42.85%)and then E coli(32.14%).All the biofilm producing strains were highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics and there was a strong association between biofilm production and indwelling medical devices used for the diagnostic or therapeutic intervention.Conclusions: Tissue culture method was the most sensitive method for detection of biofilms. As the resistance of these isolates was very high, all the isolates from the medical devices should be screened both for biofilm production and their antibiotic sensitivity testing should be performed for better patients compliance and outcome. DOI:10.21276/APALM.1630References
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19) Afreenish H, Javaid U ,Fatima K ,Maria O, Ali Khalid Muhammad Iqbal, Evaluation of different detection methods of biofilm formation in the clinical isolates Braz J Infect Dis . 2011 Vol.15 (4):305-311
20) Samira Heydari 1; Fereshteh Eftekhar 1, Biofilm Formation and β-Lactamase Production in Burn Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2015 March; 8(3):1-5
21) Perez, L.R.R, Costa, M.C.N.2; Freitas, A.L.P.2; Barth A.L.2,3 Evaluation Of Biofilm Production By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates Recovered From Cystic Fibrosis And Non-Cystic Fibrosis Patients Brazilian Journal of Microbiology (2011) 42: 476-479.
22) Samant Sharvari A , Pai Chitra G .Evaluation Of Different Detection Methods Of Biofilm Formation In Clinical Isolates Of Staphylococci. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2012 Oct; 3(4): (B) 724 – 733.
23) Kloos WE, Bannerman TL. Update on clinical significance of coagulase–negative Staphylococci. Clin Microbiol Rev 1994;7:117–40.
24) Kimia S Hossein K, Hamid H, et al. Evaluation of Biofilm Formation Among Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates and Molecular Characterization by ERIC-PCR J undishapur J Microbiol. 2016 ; 9(1):
25) Suman E, Jose J, Varghese S, Kotian M S. Study of biofilm production in Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007;25:305-6 .
26) Mohan S, Dinesh B, Karthikeyan D. A Study on correlation between the drug resistance and biofilm production among the GNB isolated from blood. Indian J Microbiol Res 2016;3(2):197-202.
2) Aparna MS, Yadav S. Biofilms: microbes and disease. Brazilian J of Infect Diseases.2008;12(6):526-30.
3) Costerton J.W., Stewart P.S., Greenberg E.P. Bacterial biofilms: A common cause of persistent infections. Science 1999;284 (5418):1318-22.
4) Donlan RM. Biofilms and device-associated infections. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7(2):277-81.
5) Brouwer RW, Kuipers OP, van Hijum S. The relative value of operon predictions. Brief Bioinform 2008;9: 367-75.
6) Mathur T, Singhal S, Khan S, Upadhyay DJ, Fatma T, Rattan A .Detection of biofilm formation among the clinical isolates of Staphylococci: An evaluation of three different screening methods. Indian J Med Microbiol 2006; 24(1):25-9.
7) Pradeep P Halebeedu, GS Vijay K, Shubha G .Revamping the role of biofilm regulating operons in device-associated Staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Indian J Med Micro.2014;32(2):112-123.
8) Yasmeen T, Farhan E, Faisal A. Study on biofilm-forming properties of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. J Infect Dev Ctries 2012; 5(6):403-409.
9) Christensen GD, Simpson WA, Bisno AL, Beachey EH. Adherence of slime–producing strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis to smooth surfaces. Infect Immun 1982;37 :318–26.
10) Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM, Schreckember PC, Winn WC. Koneman’s Colour Atlas and text book of Diagnostic Microbiology. 6th edition. Newyork: Lippincott: 2006.97-99.
11) Forbes BA, Sahm DF, Weissfeld AS. In: Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology. Mosby Elsevier;2007: 779.
12) Freeman J, Falkiner FR, Keane CT. New method for detecting slime production by coagulase negative staphylococci. J Clin Pathol 1989;42:872-4.
13) Reid G. Biofilms in infectious disease and on medical devices. Int. J. Antimic Ag 1999;11: 223-6.
14) Eftekhar F, Speert DP, Biofilm formation by persistent and non-persistent isolates Staphylococcus epidermidis from a neonatal intensive care unit, J Hosp Infect.2009; 71: 112-116
15) CLSI – Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2016. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Twenty-second informational supplement. Wayne, PA, USA. CLSI;2016.
16) Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherries JC,Jurek M, Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single method .American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1966;45: 493-496
17) Nabajit D .Comparison of Tissue Culture plate method, Tube Method and Congo Red Agar Method for the detection of biofilm formation by Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus isolated from Non-clinical Isolates. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 2014; 3(10) 810-815
18) Bose S, Khodke M, Basak S, Mallick SK ,Detection of Biofilm producing staphylococci; Need of the hour. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2009;3(6):1915-1920.
19) Afreenish H, Javaid U ,Fatima K ,Maria O, Ali Khalid Muhammad Iqbal, Evaluation of different detection methods of biofilm formation in the clinical isolates Braz J Infect Dis . 2011 Vol.15 (4):305-311
20) Samira Heydari 1; Fereshteh Eftekhar 1, Biofilm Formation and β-Lactamase Production in Burn Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2015 March; 8(3):1-5
21) Perez, L.R.R, Costa, M.C.N.2; Freitas, A.L.P.2; Barth A.L.2,3 Evaluation Of Biofilm Production By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates Recovered From Cystic Fibrosis And Non-Cystic Fibrosis Patients Brazilian Journal of Microbiology (2011) 42: 476-479.
22) Samant Sharvari A , Pai Chitra G .Evaluation Of Different Detection Methods Of Biofilm Formation In Clinical Isolates Of Staphylococci. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2012 Oct; 3(4): (B) 724 – 733.
23) Kloos WE, Bannerman TL. Update on clinical significance of coagulase–negative Staphylococci. Clin Microbiol Rev 1994;7:117–40.
24) Kimia S Hossein K, Hamid H, et al. Evaluation of Biofilm Formation Among Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates and Molecular Characterization by ERIC-PCR J undishapur J Microbiol. 2016 ; 9(1):
25) Suman E, Jose J, Varghese S, Kotian M S. Study of biofilm production in Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007;25:305-6 .
26) Mohan S, Dinesh B, Karthikeyan D. A Study on correlation between the drug resistance and biofilm production among the GNB isolated from blood. Indian J Microbiol Res 2016;3(2):197-202.
Published
2018-03-01
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