Seropositivity of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) among blood donors at the blood bank of a tertiary care hospital

  • Asha Purohit Dept. of Pathology,GCS Medical College, Hospital and Research centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
  • Puja Jarwani Dept. of Pathology,GCS Medical College, Hospital and Research centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
  • S. M. Patel Dept. of Pathology,GCS Medical College, Hospital and Research centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Keywords: Hepatitis B Surface Antigen, Seroprevalence, Blood donors.

Abstract

Background: Blood is a scarce, but life saving resource. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted by blood and blood products. Hence screening of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among blood donors is important for safe blood transmission. The reports about the prevalence of HBV in the blood donors of Gujarat are limited and this study was conducted with an aim to find the seropositivity of HBV in the blood donors in a tertiary care hospital at Ahmedabad. Methods: This is a retrospective analytical study conducted over a period of five years from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2016. A total of 9353 donor blood samples were screened for HBsAg status using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Reactive samples were retested in duplicate. The samples reactive in all three tests were considered positive. The samples which were reactive only in first test and non reactive on repeat testing were labeled as false positive. The samples reactive in any one of repeat testing were considered as positive. Results: Out of 9353 blood donors screened 137(1.46 %) donors were initially reactive and 70(0.75 %) donors were reactive after triple testing. The observed seroprevalence of HBsAg was higher in replacement donors than in voluntary donors (0.60% vs. 0.15%, respectively). 100%seroreactivity was in male donors and no seroreactivity was observed in female donorsConclusions: Our study showed similar HBsAg seroprevalence as reported by World Health Organization (WHO) statistics in low prevalence zone (less than 2%).DOI:10.21276/APALM.1653

Author Biography

Asha Purohit, Dept. of Pathology,GCS Medical College, Hospital and Research centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
tutor in pathology

References

1. The Liver, Biliary tract and Exocrine Pancreas. In: Harsh Mohan, editor. Harsh Mohan Text book of pathology. 7th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd; 2015: 592.

2. WHO guidelines on hepatitis B and C testing. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017.

3. Datta S. An overview of molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in India. Virol J. 2008; 5:156–67.

4. Pathak S, Chandrashekhar M. Nucleic acid testing: redefining security in blood screening. Max-medical-journal. 2010 September.

5. WHO guidelines on Screening donated blood for transfusion transmissible infections. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.

6. Neil D. Theis. Liver and Gall bladder. In: Kumar, Abbas, Aster, editors. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2015:831-2.

7. Prevention of Hepatitis B in India-An Overview by World Health Organization. New Delhi : World Health Organization; 2002 August.

8. R.K.Saran. Transfusion Medicine: Technical Manual. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India; 2003.

9. National Biomedical Waste Management policies. New Delhi: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Govt. of India; 2011.

10. Pahuja S, Sharma M, Baitha B, Jain M. Prevalence and trends of markers of Hepatitis C Virus, Hepatitis B Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Delhi blood donors: A Hospital Based Study. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2007; 60: 389- 91.

11. Mathai J, Sulochana PV, Satyabhama S, Nair PK, Sivakumar S.Profile of transfusion transmissible infections and associated risk factors among blood donors of Kerala. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2002; 45: 319-22.

12. Sonwane BR, Birare SD, Kulkarni PV.Prevalence of seroreactivity among blood donors in rural population. Indian J of Med Sci. 2003; 57: 405-7.

13. Prevention of hepatitis B in India, An overview. New Delhi: World Health Organization; 2002.

14. Singhvi A, Pulimood RB, John TJ, et al. The prevalence of markers for hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency viruses, malarial parasites and microfilaria in blood donors in a large hospital in south India. J Trop Med Hyg. 1990; 93: 178-82.

15. Chattoraj A, Behl R, Kataria VK. Infectious Disease Markers in Blood Donors. Med J Armed Forces India. 2008; 64: 33-5.

16. Bhattacharya P, Chandra PK, Datta S, et al.Significant increase in HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis infections among blood donors in West Bengal, Eastern India 2004-2005: Exploratory screening reveals high frequency of occult HBV infection. World J Gastroenterol .2007; 21: 3730-3.

17. Behal R, Jain R, Behal KK, Bhagoliwal A, Aggarwal N, Dhole TN .Seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection among general population in Northern India. Arq Gastroenterol.2008; 45: 137-40.

18. Srikrishna A, Sitalakshmi S, Damodar P .How safe are our safe donors? Indian J Pathol Microbiol.1999; 42: 411-6.

19. Karki S, Ghimire P, Tiwari BR, Rajkarnikar M. HBsAg serosurveillance among Nepalese blood donors. Ann Trop Med PH. 2008; 1: 15-8.

20. Nazar H, Nadia N, Shazia N, Zulfiqar A, Farhat A. Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in blood donors of Karachi. Biomedica. 2008; 24: 116-7.

21. Tiwari et al. Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in blood donors: A study from regional blood transfusion services of Nepal.Asian J Transfus Sci.2010; Jul 4 Suppl 2: 91–3.

22. López-Balderas et al. Hepatitis viruses in blood donors. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2015; 9 Suppl 3:274-82.

23. Ado A, Alhassan S, Chonoko UG, Samaila AU. Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among blood donors attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (Abuth), Zaria, Nigeria. BAJOPAS. 2010 ; 3: 20–2.

24. Dongdem et al. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors at the Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana (2009). BMC Research Notes. 2012; 5:115.

25. Wasfi et al. Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibodies among blood donors in Alexandria, Egypt .EMHJ .2011; 17 Suppl 3 :238-42.

26. Dwyre DM, Fernando LP, Holland PV. Hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV transfusion-transmitted infections in the 21st century. Vox Sang. 2011; 100: 92-8.

27. Global status report on blood safety and availability. Geneva: World Health Organization ; 2013
Published
2018-03-22
Issue
Vol 5 No 3 (2018)
Section
Original Article

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access at http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html).