Punica Granatum v/s Lawsonia Inermis: An in Vitro Anti-Fungal Study.
Keywords:
Henna Leaves, Pomegranate peel, antifungal activity, candida.
Abstract
Background: Incidence of Fungal diseases is increasing with emerging immunodeficiency conditions. Discovery of antibiotics to combat these infections marked a resolution, but their inappropriate use blocked the action of antibiotics, change their target or ability to penetrate cells. Therefore there is a need for alternative potent antifungal products.Aims & Objectives: To determine and compare the fungicidal action of pomegranate peel and henna leaves extract on candida.Material & Methods: Herbal extract was prepared from sundried, powdered Pomegranate peel and henna leaves and stored at 4˚c until use. Candida was grown in Sabouraud Agar media by the sample collected from throat swab. Sterile filter disc immersed in extract was loaded onto the prepared plates with the control as clotrimazole disc. The zone of inhibition was measured at time interval of 18-24 hours after incubation and readings were statistically analysed.Results: The Henna lemon extract was superior to the Pomegranate ethanol extract. The minimum inhibition zone for Pomegranate ethanol extract was 14.3±0.58 mm which is lesser than that of lawsonia lemon extract and standard antibiotic with 18.6±0.58 mm of inhibition zone.Conclusion: The results showed that punica granatum and lawsonia inermis has a potent antifungal activity and the potential use of these products as cheap, nontoxic with less side-effects and as a convenient adjuvants to pharmaceutical antifungal products and need for further investigations to be used for clinical implications in humans.References
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10) Kligman AM, Mescon H. The periodic-acid-schiff stain for the demonstration of fungi in animal tissue. J Bacteriol 1950;60(4):415–421.
11) RindumJL, Stenderup A, Holmstrup P. Identification of Candida albicanstypes related to healthy and pathological oral mucosa. J Oral Pathol Med 1994;23(9):406-12.
12) Xia H, Keane CT, Beattie S, O'Morain CA. Standardization of disk diffusion test and its clinical significance for susceptibility testing of metronidazole against Helicobacter pylori. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994;38(10):2357–2361.
13) Pai MB, Prashant GM, Murlikrishna KS, Shivakumar KM, Chandu GN. Antifungal efficacy of Punicagranatum, Acacia nilotica, Cuminumcyminum and Foeniculumvulgare on Candida albicans: An invitro study. Indian J Dent Res2010;21(3):334-6.
14) Endo EH Cortez DA, Ueda-Nakamura T, Nakamura CV, Dias Filho BP.Potent antifungal activity of extracts and pure compound isolated frompomegranate peels and synergism with fluconazole against Candida albicans. Res Microbiol 2010;161(7):534-540
15) Vasconcelos LC, Sampaio FC, Sampaio MC, Pereira Mdo S, HiginoJS, Peixoto MH.Inhibitory Concentration of Adherence of Punicagranatum Linn (pomegranate) Gel against S. mutans, S. Mitis and C. albicans. Braz Dent J 2006;17(3):223-7.
16) Miguel MG, Neves MA and Antunes MD. Pomegranate (PunicagranatumL.): A medicinal plantwith myriad biological properties - A short review. J. Med. Plants Res.2010;4(25):2836-2847.
17) KhanZS and Nasreen S.Phytochemical analysis, antifungal activity and mode of actionof methanol extracts from plants against pathogens. Journal of Agricultural Technology 2010;6(4):793-805
18) Lopez LI, Nery Flores SD, Silva BelmaresSY, Saenz Galindo A. Naphthoquinones: biological properties and synthesis of lawsone and derivatives - a structured review. Vitae 2014;21(3):248-258.
19) Babu PD, Subhasree RS. Antimicrobial Activities of Lawsonia inermis- A Review. Acad. J. Plant Sci. 2009;2(4):231-232.
2) White TC. Antifungal drug resistance in Candida albicans. ASM News 1997;63:427–433.
3) Saadabi MAA. “Evaluation of Lawsonia inermis L. (Sudanese Henna) Leaf extracts as an antimicrobial agent”. Res. J. Biol. Sci. 2007;2(4):419-423.
4) Dahham SS, Ali MR, Tabassum H, Khan M. Studies on Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Pomegranate (PunicagranatumL.). American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci.2010;9(3):273-281.
5) Orak HH, Demirci AS, Gumus T. Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of Pomegranate (Punica GranatumL.CV.) Peel. EJEAFChe 2011;10(3):1958-69.
6) Ellepola ANB, Samaranayake LP. Oral candida infections and actinomycotics. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2000;11(2):172-98.
7) Ng KP, Kuan CS, Kaur H, Na SL, Atiya N, Velayuthan RD. Candida species epidemiology 2000–2013: a laboratory based report.Trop Med Int Health 2015. doi: 10.1111/tmi.12577
8) Casqueiro J, Alves C.Infections in patients with diabetes mellitus: A review of pathogenesis. Indian J EndocrinolMetab 2012;16(Suppl1):S27–S36.
9) Raju SB, Rajappa S. Isolation and Identification of Candida from the Oral Cavity. ISRN Dent 2011;2011:487921.
10) Kligman AM, Mescon H. The periodic-acid-schiff stain for the demonstration of fungi in animal tissue. J Bacteriol 1950;60(4):415–421.
11) RindumJL, Stenderup A, Holmstrup P. Identification of Candida albicanstypes related to healthy and pathological oral mucosa. J Oral Pathol Med 1994;23(9):406-12.
12) Xia H, Keane CT, Beattie S, O'Morain CA. Standardization of disk diffusion test and its clinical significance for susceptibility testing of metronidazole against Helicobacter pylori. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994;38(10):2357–2361.
13) Pai MB, Prashant GM, Murlikrishna KS, Shivakumar KM, Chandu GN. Antifungal efficacy of Punicagranatum, Acacia nilotica, Cuminumcyminum and Foeniculumvulgare on Candida albicans: An invitro study. Indian J Dent Res2010;21(3):334-6.
14) Endo EH Cortez DA, Ueda-Nakamura T, Nakamura CV, Dias Filho BP.Potent antifungal activity of extracts and pure compound isolated frompomegranate peels and synergism with fluconazole against Candida albicans. Res Microbiol 2010;161(7):534-540
15) Vasconcelos LC, Sampaio FC, Sampaio MC, Pereira Mdo S, HiginoJS, Peixoto MH.Inhibitory Concentration of Adherence of Punicagranatum Linn (pomegranate) Gel against S. mutans, S. Mitis and C. albicans. Braz Dent J 2006;17(3):223-7.
16) Miguel MG, Neves MA and Antunes MD. Pomegranate (PunicagranatumL.): A medicinal plantwith myriad biological properties - A short review. J. Med. Plants Res.2010;4(25):2836-2847.
17) KhanZS and Nasreen S.Phytochemical analysis, antifungal activity and mode of actionof methanol extracts from plants against pathogens. Journal of Agricultural Technology 2010;6(4):793-805
18) Lopez LI, Nery Flores SD, Silva BelmaresSY, Saenz Galindo A. Naphthoquinones: biological properties and synthesis of lawsone and derivatives - a structured review. Vitae 2014;21(3):248-258.
19) Babu PD, Subhasree RS. Antimicrobial Activities of Lawsonia inermis- A Review. Acad. J. Plant Sci. 2009;2(4):231-232.
Published
2016-08-17
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Section
Original Article
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