Study of serum magnesium levels in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus at tertiary medical centre, Karnataka, India
Keywords:
Correlations, Fasting blood sugar, Serum magnesium, Type 2 diabetes, Post prandial blood sugar.
Abstract
Background: Diabetes and poor glycaemic control alters the metabolism of magnesium (Mg) by increasing their urinary excretion and lowering serum Mg levels. Low serum Mg levels will contribute to the evolution of diabetic complications such as retinopathy, abnormal platelet function, cardiovascular disease and hypertension via reduction in the rate of inositol transport and subsequent intracellular depletion. This study aimed at evaluation of serum Mg levels with Type 2 diabetics and control non diabetic individuals.Methods: After the Ethical approval, blood samples from recruited subjects (50 diabetics and 50 non diabetics) were collected and estimation of Mg in serum by xylidyl blue method, Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and post prandial blood sugar (PPBS) by Glucose oxidase peroxidase (GOD-PAP) method was done. Descriptive statistics mean and standard deviation, independent sample ’t’ test, level of significance 5% were used for analysis.Result: Mean value of FBS in control group of 100.98mg/dL and in case group with 134.80mg/dL. Mean value of PPBS in control group of 108.76mg/dL and in case group with 236.6mg/dL. Mean value of serum Mg in control group was 1.64mmol/L while in case group=1.20mmol/L. Serum magnesium was significantly decreased (p<0.001) in diabetics than controls. A negative linear relationship (p<0.05) between, Mg and FBS (r=-0.198 and p=0.048), Mg and PPBS (r=-0.206 and p=0.040) was found.Conclusion: The present findings demonstrate the imbalance in levels of serum Mg among the patients of type 2 DM in comparison to controls. Since serum magnesium is easily and inexpensively measured, and as oral magnesium replacement is cheap and safe, there is an argument for screening of diabetic patients for hypomagnesaemia and institution of supplementation if it is detected.References
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6) Meenakshi Puri, Uma Gujral, Nayyar SB. Comparative study of serum Zinc, Magnesium and Copper levels among patients of type 2 Diabetes mellitus with and without Microangiopathic complications. Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Science 2013; 3(6):274 -8.
7) Song Y, He K, Levitan EB, Manson JE, Liu S. Effects of oral magnesium supplementation on glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind controlled trials. Diabetic Med 2006; 23(10):1050-6.
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9) Kao WH, Folsom AR, Nieto FJ, Mo JP, Watson RL, Brancati FL. Serum and dietary magnesium and the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Arch 1999; 159(18):2151-9.
10) Supriya, Mohanty S, Pinnelli VB, Murgod R, Raghavendra DS. Evaluation of serum copper, magnesium and glycated haemoglobin in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2013; 6(2):188-90.
11) Gandhe MB, Jain K, Gandhe SM. Evaluation of 25(OH) Vitamin D3 with reference to magnesium status and insulin resistance in T2DM. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7(11):2438-41.
12) Kundu D, Osta M, Mandal T, Bandyopadhyay U, Ray D, Gautam D. Serum magnesium levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Nat Sci Biol Med 2013; 4(1):113-6.
13) Naidu MP, Shiva Kumar, Vali SM, Madhav D, Subrahmanyam G. Study of the role of copper, zinc and magnesium in diabetic nephropathy. RJPBCS 2013; 4(4):71.
14) Mane M, Gunwant RC, Reddy EP. Hypomagnesaemia in diabetic patients and biochemical action on the cardiovascular system. Int J Biol Med Res 2012; 3(1): 1273-6.
15) Khubchandani AS, Sanghani H. Study of serum magnesium and HbA1C in diabetic patients along with changes in their lipid profiles. Indian Journal of Clinical Practice 2013; 23:11.
16) Sharif M, Baig A, Sugoor M, Sarwari KN. Serum HS-CRP and magnesium in type 2 diabetic patients without and with complications. International Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences 2013; 3(3):218-28.
17) Kulkarni AG, Shendge SK, Shinde V. Study of serum magnesium levels in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) 2014; 13(4):115-9.
2) Salem M, Kholoussi S, Κholoussi N, Fawzy R. Malondialdehyde and trace element levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Hellen Med 2011; 28(1):83-8.
3) Cavalot F, Petrelli A, Traversa M, Bonomo K, Fiora E, Conti M, et al. Postprandial blood glucose is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular events than fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in women: Lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:813-9.
4) Ankush RD, Suryakar AN, Ankush NR. Hypomagnesaemia in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A study on the status of oxidative and nitrosative stress. Indian J Clin Biochem 2009; 24(2):184-9.
5) Dong JY, Xun P, He K, Qin LQ. Magnesium intake and risk of Type 2 diabetes: Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetes Care 2011; 34(9):2116-22.
6) Meenakshi Puri, Uma Gujral, Nayyar SB. Comparative study of serum Zinc, Magnesium and Copper levels among patients of type 2 Diabetes mellitus with and without Microangiopathic complications. Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Science 2013; 3(6):274 -8.
7) Song Y, He K, Levitan EB, Manson JE, Liu S. Effects of oral magnesium supplementation on glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind controlled trials. Diabetic Med 2006; 23(10):1050-6.
8) Peters KE, Chubb SA, Davis WA, Davis TM. The relationship between hypomagnesaemia, metformin therapy and cardiovascular disease complicating type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study. PLoS ONE 2013; 8(9):e74355.
9) Kao WH, Folsom AR, Nieto FJ, Mo JP, Watson RL, Brancati FL. Serum and dietary magnesium and the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Arch 1999; 159(18):2151-9.
10) Supriya, Mohanty S, Pinnelli VB, Murgod R, Raghavendra DS. Evaluation of serum copper, magnesium and glycated haemoglobin in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2013; 6(2):188-90.
11) Gandhe MB, Jain K, Gandhe SM. Evaluation of 25(OH) Vitamin D3 with reference to magnesium status and insulin resistance in T2DM. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7(11):2438-41.
12) Kundu D, Osta M, Mandal T, Bandyopadhyay U, Ray D, Gautam D. Serum magnesium levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Nat Sci Biol Med 2013; 4(1):113-6.
13) Naidu MP, Shiva Kumar, Vali SM, Madhav D, Subrahmanyam G. Study of the role of copper, zinc and magnesium in diabetic nephropathy. RJPBCS 2013; 4(4):71.
14) Mane M, Gunwant RC, Reddy EP. Hypomagnesaemia in diabetic patients and biochemical action on the cardiovascular system. Int J Biol Med Res 2012; 3(1): 1273-6.
15) Khubchandani AS, Sanghani H. Study of serum magnesium and HbA1C in diabetic patients along with changes in their lipid profiles. Indian Journal of Clinical Practice 2013; 23:11.
16) Sharif M, Baig A, Sugoor M, Sarwari KN. Serum HS-CRP and magnesium in type 2 diabetic patients without and with complications. International Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences 2013; 3(3):218-28.
17) Kulkarni AG, Shendge SK, Shinde V. Study of serum magnesium levels in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) 2014; 13(4):115-9.
Published
2016-10-11
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