The Histopathological and Epidemiological Study of Pediatric Brain Tumors in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Mumbai
Keywords:
Astrocytoma, epidemiology, medulloblastoma, pediatric brain tumor
Abstract
Background: The primary pediatric brain tumors (PBT) are the second most common cause of death due to malignancies in children. This study was done to analyze the histological spectrum of primary brain tumors in children and also to find out the epidemiology of the common pediatric brain tumors.Methods: Data regarding age, gender, topography, and histopathology of 239 pediatric patients (0–18 years) with brain tumors operated over a period of 15 years (January-2001 to December-2015) was collected and analyzed according to World Health Organization 2007 classificationResult: PBTs were more common in males (54.8%) as compared to females (45.2%) with male to female ratio of 1.21:1. Frequency of tumors was higher in childhood age group (>5-<15 years) i.e. (55.6%) when compared to adolescent age group (15.9%). The most common anatomical site was cerebellum (40.5%), followed by hemispheres (21.4%). Supratentorial tumors (51.9%) were predominant than infratentorial tumors (45.2%) and 2.9% at spinal location. Astrocytomas (46.8%) and embryonal tumors (18.4%) were the most common histological types followed by ependymal tumors (12.5%) and craniopharyngiomas (9.2%). Medulloblastoma was the most common histological type with pilocytic astrocytoma being most common astrocytic tumor. In comparison to adults, meningiomas and lymphomas were rare in children.Conclusion: Astrocytomas and medulloblastomas are the most common tumors among children and adolescents in our region. Except for a slightly higher frequency of craniopharyngiomas, the histological profile of pediatric brain tumors in India is similar to that reported in the Western literature.References
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2. Fleming AJ, Chi SN. Brain tumors in children. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2012;42:80-103
3.Wilne SH, Ferris RC, Nathwani A, Kennedy CR. The presenting features of brain tumours: A review of 200 cases. Arch Dis Child 2006;91:502-6.
4. Nasir S, Jamila B, Khaleeq S. A retrospective study of primary brain tumors in children under 14 years of age at PIMS, Islamabad. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010;11:1225-7.
5. Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, editors. World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Lyon: IARC; 2007
6. Sengupta S, Chatterjee U, Banerjee U, Ghosh S, Chatterjee S, Ghosh A. A study of histopathological spectrum and expression of Ki-67, TP53 in primary brain tumors of pediatric age group Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology 2012;33(1);25-31.
7. Jain A, Sharma MC, Suri V, Kale SS, Mahapatra AK, Tatke M, et al. Spectrum of pediatric brain tumors in India: A multi-institutional study. Neurol India 2011;59:208-11
8. Shah H, Ubhale B, Shah J. Demographic and histopathologic profile of pediatric brain tumors: A hospital-based study. Pediatric Oncology 2015; 4(3):146-148.
9. Karkouri M, Zafad S, Khattab M, Benjaafar N, El Kacemi H, Sefiani S, Kettani F, Dey S, Soliman A. Epidemiologic profile of pediatric brain tumors in Morocco. Childs Nerv Syst 2010;26:1021-7.
10. Kaatsch P, Rickert CH, Kühl J, Schüz J, Michaelis J. Population-based epidemiologic data on brain tumors in German children. Cancer 2001;92:3155-64.
11. Makino K, Nakamura H, Yano S, Kuratsu J, Kumamoto Brain Tumor Group. Population-based epidemiological study of primary intracranial tumors in childhood. Childs Nerv Syst 2010;26:1029-34.
12. Zhou D, Zhang Y, Liu H, Luo S, Luo L, Dai K. Epidemiology of nervous system tumors in children: A survey of 1,485 cases in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from 2001 to 2005. Pediatr Neurosurg 2008;44:97-103.
13. Zhang R, Shen WQ, Zhou LF. Primary pediatric central nervous system tumors statistic: Study of 763 cases in a single institution. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2007;87:442-7.
14. Neervoort FW, Van Ouwerkerk WJ, Folkersma H, Kaspers GJ, Vandertop WP. Surgical morbidity and mortality of pediatric brain tumors: A single center audit. Childs Nerv Syst 2010;26:1583-92.
15. Kaderali Z, Lamberti-Pasculli M, Rutka JT. The changing epidemiology of paediatric brain tumours: A review from the Hospital for Sick Children. Childs Nerv Syst 2009;25:787-93.
16.Katchy KC, Alexander S, Al-Nashmi NM, Al-Ramadan A. Epidemiology of primary brain tumors in childhood and adolescence in Kuwait. Springerplus 2013;2:58.
17. Rickert CH, Paulus W. Epidemiology of central nervous system tumors in childhood and adolescence based on the new WHO classification. Childs Nerv Syst 2001;17:503-11.
18. Grotzer MA, Janss AJ, Fung KM, Biegel JA, Sutton LN, Rorke LB, et al. TrkC expression predicts good clinical outcome in primitive neuroectodermal brain tumors. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:1027-30.
19.Chan GC. Recent advances in childhood brain tumours. HK J Paediatr 2006;11:3-12.
20. Kumar R. Scenario of pediatric CNS tumors in India. JK Sci 2006;8:190-2.
21. Suh YL, Koo H, Kim TS, Chi JG, Park SH, Khang SK, Choe G, Lee MC, Hong EK,Sohn YK, Chae YS, Kim DS, Huh GY, Lee SS. Tumors of the central nervous system in Korea: A multicenter study of 3221 cases. J Neurooncol 2002;56:251-9.
22. Kaatsch P, Rickert CH, Kühl J, Schüz J, Michaelis J. Population-based epidemiologic data on brain tumors in German children. Cancer 2001;92:3155-64.
23. Hjalmars U, Kulldorff M, Wahlqvist Y, Lannering B. Increased incidence rates but no space-time clustering of childhood astrocytoma in Sweden, 1973-1992: A population-based study of pediatric brain tumors.th Cancer 1999;85:2077-90.
24. Makino K, Nakamura H, Yano S, Kuratsu J, Kumamoto Brain Tumor Group. Population-based epidemiological study of primary intracranial tumors in childhood. Childs Nerv Syst 2010;26:1029-34.
25. Chan GCF . Recent Advances in Childhood Brain Tumours. HongKong J Paediatr (New Series) 2006;11:3-12.
Published
2016-11-06
Section
Original Article
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