“Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of clinical isolates from patients attending tertiary care hospital”
Keywords:
Bacterial Pathogens, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Surveillance, Carbepenems
Abstract
Background: Bacteriological infection plays vital role in determining the outcome as well as cost and duration of hospital stay for patients. Therefore a regular surveillance of important bacterial isolates and their susceptibility pattern is mandatory. So the present study was undertaken to find out bacterial pathogens causing infection in patients attending at our tertiary care hospital and to know drug sensitivity pattern of isolates.Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Indian Institute of Medical Science and Research during the period from July 2015 to February 2016. A total 8189 clinical samples ( urine, blood, sputum, pus etc.) were collected and processed for culture, identification as per standard recommended procedures and antibiotic susceptibility testing were carried out on isolates as per Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Result: 2976 different types of bacterial pathogens were isolated. The prevalence of gram negative bacilli were 70.83% and gram positive bacilli were 29.17%.The commonest pathogen isolated was Escherichia coli 33.09%, followed by Staphylococcus aureus 26.27%, Klebsiella spp 23.85% and nonfermenters 10.68 % (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter Spp). Most of gram negative bacilli were resistant to commonly used drugs such as cotrimaxozole, ciprofloxacin and were sensitive to carbepenems. whereas Gram positive bacteria shown resistant to erythromycin, cotrimaxozole and to some extent cefoxitin. Conclusion: The present study reveals microbiological profile in patients attending our hospital. Regular surveillance help in implementing better therapeutic strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality associated in patients in health care facility.There is, in general resistance amongst gram negative bacilli to commonly used drugs and shown good sensitivity to carbepenems and aminoglycosides. Resistance among gram positive is not acute, although the Methiciilin resistance staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) incidence is increasing in our setup.References
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2. Choudhury R, Panda S, Singh DV. Emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance: A global problem. Indian J Med Microbiol 2012;30:384-90.
3. Ghafur A, Mathai D, Muruganathan A, Jayalal JA, Kant R, Chaudhary D, et al. The Chennai declaration: A roadmap to tackle the challenge of antimicrobial resistance. Indian J Cancer 2013;50:71-3.
4. Muto CA, Jernigan JA, Ostrowsky BE, Richet HM, Jarvis WR, Boyce JM, et al. SHEA guideline for preventing nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus. Infect Control HospEpidemiol 2003;24:362-86.
5. Forbes BA, Sahm DF, Weissfeld AS. Bailey and Scott‘s Diagnostic Microbiology. 12th ed. Elsevier -Mosby, St. Louis, Missouri 63043, USA; 2007.
6. Pawar M, Mehta Y, Purohit A, Trehan N, Rosenthal VD. Resistance in gram-negative bacilli in a cardiac intensive care unit in India: Risk factors and outcome. Ann Card Anaesth 2008;11:20-6
7. Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM, Schreckember PC, Winn WC. Koneman’s Colour Atlas and text book of Diagnostic Microbiology. 6th edition. Newyork: Lippincott; 2006; 97-99.
8. Forbes BA, Sahm DF, Weissfeld AS. In: Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology. 12th ed. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier; 2007. p. 779.
9. CLSI – Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2016. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Twenty-second informational supplement. Wayne, PA, USA: CLSI:2016.
10. Rao SP, Rama PS, Gurushanthappa V, Manipura R, Srinivasan K. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: A multi-centric study across Karnataka. J Lab Physicians 2014;6:7-13.
11. Shashwati N, Kiran T, Dhanvijay AG. Study of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae and antibiotic co-resistance in a tertiary care teaching hospital. J Nat SciBiol Med 2014;5:30-5.
12. Manoharan A, Chatterjee S, Mathai D; SARI Study Group. Detection and characterization of metallo beta lactamases producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Indian J Med Microbiol 2010;28:241-4.
13. Kala Yadav ML, Ashmita Raja; bacteriological profile and antibiogram of gram negative clinical isolates from tertiary care hospital. International J res in health sci 2014;3:734-39
14. Dash M, Padhi S, Pattnaik S, Mohanty I, Misra P. Frequency, risk factors, and antibiogram of Acinetobacter species isolated from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital in Odisha, India. Avicenna J Med 2013;3: 97-102.
15. Menezes GA, Harish BN, Sujatha S, Vinothini K, Parija SC. Emergence of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus species in Southern India. J Med Microbiol 2008;57(Pt 7):911-2. 18
16. Eshwara VK, Munim F, Tellapragada C, Kamath A, Varma M, Lewis LE, et al. Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in an Indian tertiary care hospital: Observational study on clinical epidemiology, resistance characteristics, and carriage of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene. Int J Infect Dis 2013;17:e1051-5.
Published
2016-10-26
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