Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine https://www.pacificejournals.com/journal/index.php/apalm <p><strong>Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (APALM)</strong> is an international, Double-blind peer-reviewed, indexed, open access, online and print journal&nbsp;for pathologists, microbiologist, biochemist and clinical laboratory scientists, and is published by <strong><a href="https://www.pacificejournals.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Pacific group of e-Journals</strong>' (<strong>PaGe</strong>)</a>, </strong>an&nbsp;<em>ISO 9001:2008</em> Certified&nbsp;academic publishing house.</p> <p>Set up in 2014, APALM is a specialized journal, which publishes original, peer-reviewed articles&nbsp;in the field of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine which, <em>inter alia</em>, includes Histopathology, Cytopathology, Hematology, Clinical Pathology, Forensic Pathology, Blood Banking, Clinical Bio-Chemistry, Medical Microbiology (Bacteriology, Virology, Mycology, Parasitology), etc.</p> <p><strong>DOI: 10.21276/APALM (<a title="Verify APALM DOI " href="https://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apalm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apalm</a>)<br></strong></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> en-US <p>Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:</p> <ol> <li class="show">Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a&nbsp;<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</a>&nbsp;that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.</li> <li class="show">Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.</li> <li class="show">Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See&nbsp;The Effect of Open Access at http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html).</li> </ol> <p>&nbsp;</p> editor@apalm.org (Dr. Prashant Goyal) info@pacificejournals.com (U Agrawal) Sun, 19 Mar 2023 19:29:20 +0000 OJS 3.1.1.2 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Study of Histopathological Changes in Fibroadenoma of the Breast https://www.pacificejournals.com/journal/index.php/apalm/article/view/3194 <p><strong>Background</strong>: Fibroadenoma of the breast is a relatively frequently occurring tumor. Although often considered a benign tumour, several reports describe a higher risk of subsequent breast carcinoma in patients diagnosed with fibroadenoma. Increased risk depends on presence of complex changes within fibroadenoma, presence of hyperplasia and positive family history for breast cancer.</p> <p><strong>Aims and Objectives</strong>: Our main aim was to study the histological variations within the fibroadenoma of the breast and also to identify those lesions with the possible risk of malignancy.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Descriptive study of three years. A total of 250 cases of fibroadenoma were studied. Slides were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H &amp; E) and were thoroughly reviewed. Slides were screened for proliferative epithelial changes, fibrocystic epithelial changes, stromal changes and various other changes such as foci of tubular adenoma and phyllodes tumour. Slides with invasive malignancies were excluded from the study.</p> <p><strong>Result</strong>: Apocrine change among fibrocystic changes was the commonest variation within the fibroadenoma. Complex fibroadenoma, moderate and atypical ductal hyperplasia was seen in older age groups.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Increased risk of breast cancer is seen patients with presence of hyperplasia and complex fibroadenoma of the breast. So exclusive study of histopathological changes in epithelial and stromal elements of fibroadenoma is required and are essential to be reported so as to alert the clinician for follow up of the patient. This will help in timely management to reduce morbidity and mortality.</p> Sneha P, Kavitha Yevoor ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://www.pacificejournals.com/journal/index.php/apalm/article/view/3194 Sun, 19 Mar 2023 15:55:43 +0000 Endometriosis : A Rare Etiology for Small Bowel Obstruction https://www.pacificejournals.com/journal/index.php/apalm/article/view/3196 <p>Endometriosis affecting gastrointestinal tract has been reported in 3-37% of menstruating women. It is seen in the recto-sigmoid, caecum, small bowel and the appendix in decreasing frequency. Involvement of the ileum by endometriosis is quite rare ,1-7% cases have been documented..Endometriosis of ileal segment of gastrointestinal tract leading to intestinal obstruction ranges from 7% to 23%.We report a 40 year. old female who presented with&nbsp; complete intestinal obstruction ten days with history of&nbsp; recurrent subacute intestinal obstruction for one year. She was previously treated with empirical Antitubercular drug to which&nbsp; she did not respond. Now histology of the resected specimen showed endometriosis in muscular propria and submucosa , leading to fibrosis and stricture formation.</p> Arpita Sutradhar, Supriyo Ghatak, Sumit Gulati, Ramdip Roy, Amarnath Basu, Arnab Basak ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://www.pacificejournals.com/journal/index.php/apalm/article/view/3196 Sun, 19 Mar 2023 16:08:51 +0000 A Case of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Presenting as Sternal Infiltrate https://www.pacificejournals.com/journal/index.php/apalm/article/view/3206 <p>Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) or myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a localized extramedullary tumor composed of immature myeloid cells which can develop de novo or concurrently with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myeloproliferative disorders (MPN) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). It can present before, along with or after the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia, MPN, MDS or may present as a manifestation of relapse in a previously treated AML patient. The occurrence of MS in an acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patient is a very uncommon clinical event especially as initial or primary presentation. APL is often associated with a life threatening coagulopathy making prompt diagnosis and initiation of therapy critical. Unusual clinical localization may lead to misdiagnosis, or delayed diagnosis and treatment. Hence being aware of such atypical presentations of APL is crucial. Here we report a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia who presented with sternal infiltrate but without any systemic symptoms. The diagnostic challenges are of particular interest given the unusual clinical presentation along with atypical morphology of the abnormal promyelocytes.</p> Kalyani Bapat, Dia Mansukhani, Shanaz Khodaiji, Balkrishna Padate, Abha Dubey ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://www.pacificejournals.com/journal/index.php/apalm/article/view/3206 Sun, 19 Mar 2023 16:21:32 +0000 A Rare Primary Mucocutaneous Presentation of Chronic Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an Immunocompetent Young Female: A Case Report https://www.pacificejournals.com/journal/index.php/apalm/article/view/3213 <p>Classical Histoplasmosis also known as Darling’s disease is a systemic mycosis caused by dimorphic fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum and Histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii. It is an opportunistic fungal infection that usually affects immunocompromised patients. Though microbiology culture methods are the gold standard, scrape cytology and histopathology give a relatively rapid diagnosis. It may pose a diagnostic dilemma on histopathology and morphology needs to be carefully studied to rule out other differentials. We present a rare case of chronic disseminated histoplasmosis with primary mucocutaneous lesions in an immunocompetent young female patient. This study is ethically approved from the institute and due written consent for publication from the patient has been taken.</p> Ankita Shashikant Shende, Madhu Ishwarchand Chaturvedi ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://www.pacificejournals.com/journal/index.php/apalm/article/view/3213 Sun, 19 Mar 2023 16:33:25 +0000 A Case of ACTH Independent Macronodular Adrenocortical Hyperplasia Presenting with Conns Syndrome https://www.pacificejournals.com/journal/index.php/apalm/article/view/3216 <p><strong>Backgound</strong>: ACTH Independent macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (AIMAH)is a rare cause of hyperaldosteronism and is characterised by bilateral adrenal hyperplasia . One of the most common presenting symptoms is refractory hypertension. Clinical features and hypertension usually resolve following adrenalectomy. Timely diagnosis of such conditions are pertinent as they are completely treatable and thus prevents further comorbidities associated with hypertension and hypokalemia like arrhythmia.</p> <p><strong>Case Presentation</strong>: A 57 year old male patient presented with unresolved hypertension since 15 years even after treatment with three different antihypertensives drugs since last one year. He was detected with raised serum aldosterone levels. Adrenal venous sampling showed lateralisation to the left adrenal. CT abdomen and pelvis revealed enlarged and nodular left adrenal gland and a bulky right adrenal gland. Laparoscopic left adrenalectomy was performed. Grossly left adrenal showed multiple well circumscribed yellow coloured nodules restricted to the cortex. Microscopy showed multiple well circumscribed unencapsulated nodules comprising of compact cells with clear to vacuolated cytoplasm and round central nucleus along with few foci of myelometaplasia.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Conns syndrome causes a high rate of mortality and morbidity of left untreated. Serum aldosterone, serum cortisol and serum electrolyte levels should be carried out in every case of refractory hypertension to rule out adrenocortical lesions. Timely diagnosis goes a long way in reducing morbidities associated with hypertension and dyselectrolytemia.</p> Neethika Menon, Anitha Padmanabhan, Nitin M Gadgil, Milind V Patil ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://www.pacificejournals.com/journal/index.php/apalm/article/view/3216 Sun, 19 Mar 2023 16:37:08 +0000