Microbial contributions to Global climate changes in soil environments: Impact on Carbon cycle (Short Review)

Abstract

Microorganisms play important role in recycling the elements, like carbon, nitrogen in nature. There is considerable interest in understanding the biological mechanism that regulates carbon exchanges between the land, water and atmosphere, and how these exchanges respond to climate change. An understanding of soil microbial ecology to assess terrestrial carbon cycle climate play important role for balanced ecosystem. The complexity of the soil microbial community and the many ways that it can be affected by climate and other global changes hampers the metabolic activity of organisms in different ways. This paper relates to understand the potential negative and positive contributions of soil microbes to land atmosphere carbon exchange and global warming requires explicit consideration of both direct and indirect impacts of climate change on microorganisms. Global climate changes definitely influence the factors like temperature, moisture, C:N ratio of the soil environment and in turn the types and density of heterotropic microorganisms. Moreover, this requires consideration of complex interactions and feedbacks that occur between microbes, plants and their physical environment in the context of climate change, and the influence of other global changes which have the capacity to amplify climate- driven effects on soil microbes. Overall, we emphasize the urgent need for greater understanding of how soil microbial ecology contribute to land-atmosphere carbon exchange in the context of climate change, and identify some challenges for the future. In particular, we highlight the need for a multifactor experimental approach to understand how soil microbes and their activities respond to climate change and consequences for carbon cycle feedbacks.