Microbial cellulases in Industrial applications
Keywords:
Cellulose, Biofuel, lignocellulosic, organic acids
Abstract
Cellulose, most copious constituent of plant cell wall and a renewable resource, is of considerable economic importance due to its potential applications in production of various bioenergy and bio-based products. Cellulose is used as a food source by the wide range of microorganisms and animals. Cellulose degrading enzymes are utilized in numerous applications in several industries, such as biofuel production, food and feed industry, brewing, pulp and paper, textile, laundry, and agriculture. Cellulose degrading enzymes containing microbes are widely spread in nature and isolated from different environments. In this communication we are presenting an overview of microbial cellulases used in different industrial applications.References
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[4] dos Santos FA, Iulianelli GC, Tavares MIB, The Use of Cellulose Nanofillers in Obtaining Polymer Nanocomposites: Properties, Processing, and Applications, Materials Sciences and Applications 2016; 7: 257.
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[7] R. Kolakovic, Nanofibrillar cellulose in drug delivery, 2013.
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[10] Kuhad RC, Gupta R, Singh A. Microbial cellulases and their industrial applications. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011.
[11] Sreedharan S, Prakasan P, Sasidharan S, et al. An overview on fungal cellulases with an industrial perspective. J Nutr Food Sci 2016; 2016.
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[14] Bhat M, Bhat S, Cellulose degrading enzymes and their potential industrial applications. Biotechnol Adv 1997; 15: 583-620.
[15] Gawande P, Kamat M. Production of Aspergillus xylanase by lignocellulosic waste fermentation and its application. J Appl Microbiol 1999; 87: 511-519.
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[18] Imran M, Anwar Z, Irshad M, et al. Cellulase Production from Species of Fungi and Bacteria from Agricultural Wastes and Its Utilization in Industry: A Review. Advances in Enzyme Research 2016; 4: 44.
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[21] Bhat M. Cellulases and related enzymes in biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2000; 18: 355-383.
[22] Shweta A. Cellulases of bacterial origin and their applications: A review. International Journal of Science and Research 2012; 3: 1652-1655.
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[26] Singh K, Singh R. Role of Enzymes in Fruit juices Clarification during Processing: A review. Int J Biol Technology 2015; 6: 114-124.
[27] Cao Y, Zhang H, Xiong P. Application of Cellulase-assisted Method to Extract Flavonoids from Plants, Agricultural Science and Technology 2014; 15: 729.
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[30] Dhiman T, Zaman M, MacQueen I, Boman R. Influence of corn processing and frequency of feeding on cow performance. Journal of Dairy Science 2002; 85: 217-226.
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[33] Shah S. Chemistry and applications of cellulase in textile wet processing. Res J Eng Sci 2013; 2: 1-5.
[34] Šimić K, Soljačić I, Pušić T. Application of Cellulases in the Process of Finishing. Uporaba celulaz v procesu plemenitenja 2015.
[35] Galante YM, Formantici C. Enzyme applications in detergency and in manufacturing industries, Curr Org Chem 2013; 7: 1399-1422.
[36] Singh R, Kumar M, Mittal A, et al. Amylases: A note on current applications. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences 2016.
[37] Chen Y, Wan J, Zhang X, et al. Effect of beating on recycled properties of unbleached eucalyptus cellulose fiber. Carbohyd Polym 2012 87: 730-736.
[38] Singh A, Kuhad RC, Ward OP. Industrial application of microbial cellulases, Lignocellulose Biotechnology: Future Prospects. 2007; 345-358.
[39] Jeffries TW, Klungness JH, Sykes MS et al. Comparison of enzyme-enhanced with conventional deinking of xerographic and laser-printed paper. Tappi journal 1994; 77: 173-179.
[40] Lee C, Darah I, Ibrahim C. Enzymatic deinking of laser printed office waste papers: Some governing parameters on deinking efficiency. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98: 1684-1689.
[41] Ibarra D, Monte MC, Blanco A, et al. Enzymatic deinking of secondary fibers: cellulases/hemicellulases versus laccase-mediator system. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39: 1-9.
[42] Kantelinen A, Jokinen O, Sarkki M, et al. Effects of enzymes on the stability of colloidal pitch, in: Proc. 8th Int Symp Wood and Pulping Chemistry, 1995, pp. 605-612.
[43] Hsu JC, Lakhani NN. Method of making absorbent tissue from recycled waste paper, in, Google Patents, 2002.
[44] Buchert J, Oksanen T, Pere J, et al. Applications of Trichoderma reesei enzymes in the pulp and paper industry, Trichoderma and gliocladium. 1998; 2:343-363.
[45] Cherubini F. The biorefinery concept: using biomass instead of oil for producing energy and chemicals, Energy Conversion and Management. 2010; 51: 1412-1421.
[46] J. Pérez, J. Munoz-Dorado, T. de la Rubia, J. Martinez, Biodegradation and biological treatments of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin: an overview. Int Microbiol 2002; 5: 53-63.
[47] Huber G. Breaking the chemical and engineering barriers to lignocellulosic biofuels: a research roadmap for making lignocellulosic biofuels a practical reality, in: NSF, DOE and American Chemical Society Workshop, 2007.
[48] Taherzadeh MJ, Karimi K. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes to improve ethanol and biogas production: a review, International journal of molecular sciences. 2008; 9: 1621-1651.
[49] Wyman CE, Dale BE, Elander RT, et al. Comparative sugar recovery data from laboratory scale application of leading pretreatment technologies to corn stover, Bioresour technol 2005; 96: 2026-2032.
[50] Chan E, Rudravaram R, Narasu ML, et al. Economics and environmental impact of bioethanol production technologies: an appraisal. Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Reviews 2007; 2: 14-32.
[51] Abril D, Abril A. Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. Ciencia e investigación agraria 2009; 36 163-176.
[52] Lee J. Biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol, J Biotechnol 1997; 56: 1-24.
[53] Shoham Y, Lamed R, Bayer EA. The cellulosome concept as an efficient microbial strategy for the degradation of insoluble polysaccharides. Trends in microbiology 1999; 7275-281.
[54] Jeffries T, Jin Y-S. Metabolic engineering for improved fermentation of pentoses by yeasts, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 63: 495-509.
[55] Mosier N, Wyman C, Dale B, et al. Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresour technol 2005; 96: 673-686.
[56] Becker J, Boles E. A modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain that consumes L-arabinose and produces ethanol. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69: 4144-4150.
[57] Kumar P, Barrett DM, Delwiche MJ, et al. Methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production, Industrial and engineering chemistry research. 2009; 48: 3713-3729.
[58] Öhgren K, Bengtsson O, Gorwa-Grauslund MF, et al. Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation of glucose and xylose in steam-pretreated corn stover at high fiber content with Saccharomyces cerevisiae TMB3400. J biotechnol 2006; 126: 488-498.
[59] Adrio JL, Demain AL. Microbial enzymes: tools for biotechnological processes, Biomolecules 2014; 4: 117-139.
[60] Çinar I. Effects of cellulase and pectinase concentrations on the colour yield of enzyme extracted plant carotenoids. Process Biochem 2005; 40: 945-949.
[61] Bassi R, Pineau B, Dainese P, et al. Carotenoid‐binding proteins of photosystem II Eur J Biochem 1993; 212: 297-303.
[62] Galante Y, De Conti A, Monteverdi R, Application of Trichoderma enzymes in the food and feed industries, Trichoderma and Gliocladium 1998; 2 327-342.
[63] Ranalli A, Pollastri L, Contento S, et al. Enhancing the quality of virgin olive oil by use of a new vegetable enzyme extract during processing, Eur Food Res Technol, 2003; 216: 109-115.
[64] Bowen R, Harper S. Decomposition of wheat straw and related compounds by fungi isolated from straw in arable soils, Soil Biology and Biochemistry 1990; 22: 393-399.
[65] Fontaine S, Bardoux G, Benest D, et al. Mechanisms of the priming effect in a savannah soil amended with cellulose. Soil Science Society of America Journal 2004; 68: 125-131.
[66] Chet I, Benhamou N, Haran S. Mycoparasitism and lytic enzymes, Trichoderma and gliocladium, 1998; 2: 153-172.
[67] Martinez AJ, Visvesvara GS. Free‐living, amphizoic and opportunistic amebas, Brain Pathology, 1997; 7: 583-598.
[68] Loiselle M, Anderson KW. The use of cellulase in inhibiting biofilm formation from organisms commonly found on medical implants, Biofouling 2003; 19: 77-85.
[2] Saha BC. α-L-Arabinofuranosidases: biochemistry, molecular biology and application in biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2000; 18: 403-423.
[3] Li X-h, Yang H-j, Roy B, et al. The most stirring technology in future: Cellulase enzyme and biomass utilization. Afr J Biotechnol 2009 8.
[4] dos Santos FA, Iulianelli GC, Tavares MIB, The Use of Cellulose Nanofillers in Obtaining Polymer Nanocomposites: Properties, Processing, and Applications, Materials Sciences and Applications 2016; 7: 257.
[5] Klemm D, Heublein B, Fink HP, et al. Cellulose: fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material, Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2005; 44: 3358-3393.
[6] Sukumaran RK, Singhania RR, Pandey A. Microbial cellulases-production, applications and challenges. J Sci Ind Res 2005; 64: 832.
[7] R. Kolakovic, Nanofibrillar cellulose in drug delivery, 2013.
[8] Ahn Y, Lee SH, Kim HJ, et al. Electrospinning of lignocellulosic biomass using ionic liquid. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 88: 395-398.
[9] Isikgor FH, Becer CR. Lignocellulosic biomass: a sustainable platform for the production of bio-based chemicals and polymers. Polym Chem 2015; 6: 4497-4559.
[10] Kuhad RC, Gupta R, Singh A. Microbial cellulases and their industrial applications. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011.
[11] Sreedharan S, Prakasan P, Sasidharan S, et al. An overview on fungal cellulases with an industrial perspective. J Nutr Food Sci 2016; 2016.
[12] Béguin P, Aubert J-P. The biological degradation of cellulose. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1994; 13: 25-58.
[13] Lynd LR, Weimer PJ, Van Zyl WH, et al. Microbial cellulose utilization: fundamentals and biotechnology. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2002; 66: 506-577.
[14] Bhat M, Bhat S, Cellulose degrading enzymes and their potential industrial applications. Biotechnol Adv 1997; 15: 583-620.
[15] Gawande P, Kamat M. Production of Aspergillus xylanase by lignocellulosic waste fermentation and its application. J Appl Microbiol 1999; 87: 511-519.
[16] Moore E. Fundamentals of the fungi, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 1996; 4: 433-438.
[17] Gincy M, Sukumaran RK, Singhania RR, et al. Progress in research on fungal cellulases for lignocellulose degradation. 2008.
[18] Imran M, Anwar Z, Irshad M, et al. Cellulase Production from Species of Fungi and Bacteria from Agricultural Wastes and Its Utilization in Industry: A Review. Advances in Enzyme Research 2016; 4: 44.
[19] Pointing SB. Qualitative methods for the determination of lignocellulolytic enzyme production by tropical fungi, Fungal Diversity. 1999.
[20] Singh R, Kumar M, Mittal A, et al. Microbial enzymes: industrial progress in 21st century. 3 Biotech 2016; 6: 174.
[21] Bhat M. Cellulases and related enzymes in biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2000; 18: 355-383.
[22] Shweta A. Cellulases of bacterial origin and their applications: A review. International Journal of Science and Research 2012; 3: 1652-1655.
[23] Menendez E, Garcia-Fraile P, Rivas R. Biotechnological applications of bacterial cellulases. 2015.
[24] Minussi RC, Pastore GM, Durán N. Potential applications of laccase in the food industry, Trends in Food Science and Technology 2002; 13: 205-216.
[25] De Carvalho LMJ, De Castro IM, Da Silva CAB. A study of retention of sugars in the process of clarification of pineapple juice (Ananas comosus, L. Merril) by micro-and ultra-filtration. Journal of Food Engineering 2008; 87: 447-454.
[26] Singh K, Singh R. Role of Enzymes in Fruit juices Clarification during Processing: A review. Int J Biol Technology 2015; 6: 114-124.
[27] Cao Y, Zhang H, Xiong P. Application of Cellulase-assisted Method to Extract Flavonoids from Plants, Agricultural Science and Technology 2014; 15: 729.
[28] Meyer AS, Jepsen SM, Sørensen NS. Enzymatic release of antioxidants for human low-density lipoprotein from grape pomace. J Agric Food Chem 1998; 46: 2439-2446.
[29] Himmel ME, Ruth MF, Wyman CE. Cellulase for commodity products from cellulosic biomass. Curr Opin Biotechnol 1999; 10: 358-364.
[30] Dhiman T, Zaman M, MacQueen I, Boman R. Influence of corn processing and frequency of feeding on cow performance. Journal of Dairy Science 2002; 85: 217-226.
[31] Beauchemin K, Colombatto D, Morgavi D, et al. Use of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to improve feed utilization by ruminants. Journal of Animal Science 2003; 81: E37-E47.
[32] Wongputtisin P, Khanongnuch C, Kongbuntad W, et al. Use of Bacillus subtilis isolates from Tua‐nao towards nutritional improvement of soya bean hull for monogastric feed application. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 59: 328-333.
[33] Shah S. Chemistry and applications of cellulase in textile wet processing. Res J Eng Sci 2013; 2: 1-5.
[34] Šimić K, Soljačić I, Pušić T. Application of Cellulases in the Process of Finishing. Uporaba celulaz v procesu plemenitenja 2015.
[35] Galante YM, Formantici C. Enzyme applications in detergency and in manufacturing industries, Curr Org Chem 2013; 7: 1399-1422.
[36] Singh R, Kumar M, Mittal A, et al. Amylases: A note on current applications. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences 2016.
[37] Chen Y, Wan J, Zhang X, et al. Effect of beating on recycled properties of unbleached eucalyptus cellulose fiber. Carbohyd Polym 2012 87: 730-736.
[38] Singh A, Kuhad RC, Ward OP. Industrial application of microbial cellulases, Lignocellulose Biotechnology: Future Prospects. 2007; 345-358.
[39] Jeffries TW, Klungness JH, Sykes MS et al. Comparison of enzyme-enhanced with conventional deinking of xerographic and laser-printed paper. Tappi journal 1994; 77: 173-179.
[40] Lee C, Darah I, Ibrahim C. Enzymatic deinking of laser printed office waste papers: Some governing parameters on deinking efficiency. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98: 1684-1689.
[41] Ibarra D, Monte MC, Blanco A, et al. Enzymatic deinking of secondary fibers: cellulases/hemicellulases versus laccase-mediator system. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39: 1-9.
[42] Kantelinen A, Jokinen O, Sarkki M, et al. Effects of enzymes on the stability of colloidal pitch, in: Proc. 8th Int Symp Wood and Pulping Chemistry, 1995, pp. 605-612.
[43] Hsu JC, Lakhani NN. Method of making absorbent tissue from recycled waste paper, in, Google Patents, 2002.
[44] Buchert J, Oksanen T, Pere J, et al. Applications of Trichoderma reesei enzymes in the pulp and paper industry, Trichoderma and gliocladium. 1998; 2:343-363.
[45] Cherubini F. The biorefinery concept: using biomass instead of oil for producing energy and chemicals, Energy Conversion and Management. 2010; 51: 1412-1421.
[46] J. Pérez, J. Munoz-Dorado, T. de la Rubia, J. Martinez, Biodegradation and biological treatments of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin: an overview. Int Microbiol 2002; 5: 53-63.
[47] Huber G. Breaking the chemical and engineering barriers to lignocellulosic biofuels: a research roadmap for making lignocellulosic biofuels a practical reality, in: NSF, DOE and American Chemical Society Workshop, 2007.
[48] Taherzadeh MJ, Karimi K. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes to improve ethanol and biogas production: a review, International journal of molecular sciences. 2008; 9: 1621-1651.
[49] Wyman CE, Dale BE, Elander RT, et al. Comparative sugar recovery data from laboratory scale application of leading pretreatment technologies to corn stover, Bioresour technol 2005; 96: 2026-2032.
[50] Chan E, Rudravaram R, Narasu ML, et al. Economics and environmental impact of bioethanol production technologies: an appraisal. Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Reviews 2007; 2: 14-32.
[51] Abril D, Abril A. Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. Ciencia e investigación agraria 2009; 36 163-176.
[52] Lee J. Biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol, J Biotechnol 1997; 56: 1-24.
[53] Shoham Y, Lamed R, Bayer EA. The cellulosome concept as an efficient microbial strategy for the degradation of insoluble polysaccharides. Trends in microbiology 1999; 7275-281.
[54] Jeffries T, Jin Y-S. Metabolic engineering for improved fermentation of pentoses by yeasts, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 63: 495-509.
[55] Mosier N, Wyman C, Dale B, et al. Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresour technol 2005; 96: 673-686.
[56] Becker J, Boles E. A modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain that consumes L-arabinose and produces ethanol. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69: 4144-4150.
[57] Kumar P, Barrett DM, Delwiche MJ, et al. Methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production, Industrial and engineering chemistry research. 2009; 48: 3713-3729.
[58] Öhgren K, Bengtsson O, Gorwa-Grauslund MF, et al. Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation of glucose and xylose in steam-pretreated corn stover at high fiber content with Saccharomyces cerevisiae TMB3400. J biotechnol 2006; 126: 488-498.
[59] Adrio JL, Demain AL. Microbial enzymes: tools for biotechnological processes, Biomolecules 2014; 4: 117-139.
[60] Çinar I. Effects of cellulase and pectinase concentrations on the colour yield of enzyme extracted plant carotenoids. Process Biochem 2005; 40: 945-949.
[61] Bassi R, Pineau B, Dainese P, et al. Carotenoid‐binding proteins of photosystem II Eur J Biochem 1993; 212: 297-303.
[62] Galante Y, De Conti A, Monteverdi R, Application of Trichoderma enzymes in the food and feed industries, Trichoderma and Gliocladium 1998; 2 327-342.
[63] Ranalli A, Pollastri L, Contento S, et al. Enhancing the quality of virgin olive oil by use of a new vegetable enzyme extract during processing, Eur Food Res Technol, 2003; 216: 109-115.
[64] Bowen R, Harper S. Decomposition of wheat straw and related compounds by fungi isolated from straw in arable soils, Soil Biology and Biochemistry 1990; 22: 393-399.
[65] Fontaine S, Bardoux G, Benest D, et al. Mechanisms of the priming effect in a savannah soil amended with cellulose. Soil Science Society of America Journal 2004; 68: 125-131.
[66] Chet I, Benhamou N, Haran S. Mycoparasitism and lytic enzymes, Trichoderma and gliocladium, 1998; 2: 153-172.
[67] Martinez AJ, Visvesvara GS. Free‐living, amphizoic and opportunistic amebas, Brain Pathology, 1997; 7: 583-598.
[68] Loiselle M, Anderson KW. The use of cellulase in inhibiting biofilm formation from organisms commonly found on medical implants, Biofouling 2003; 19: 77-85.
Published
2016-11-07
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