Characterization and activity of antimicrobial polypeptide of Bacillus spp from wastelands of Kathmandu valley
Keywords:
Bacillus, Characterization, crude antibiotic, antimicrobial activity, kathmandu
Abstract
Background: Bacillus genus have been found to produce antimicrobial polypeptides that have a remarkable capability to combat the current increasing problem of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this cross sectional study was to determine the proportion and pattern of distribution of antibiotic producing and non-producing species of Bacillus in soil and also to analyse the activity of the antibiotic producers.Methods: A total of 40 soil samples were collected from the wastelands of Kathmandu Valley and 121 isolates were studied from them. They were identified according to Bergey’s Manual. The antibiotic were extracted and the activity was analysed by agar- well diffusion method against the test organisms Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853.Result: Bacillus subtilis species were found to be in highest number (17.3%) and Bacillus macerans (0.82%) in lowest number. 18.33% of Bacillus isolates were found to produce antibiotics. The highest number of antibiotic producing isolate was B. subtilis (40.09%) and the least was B. circulans (4.54%). The number of antibiotic producing bacteria were not found to be affected by moisture content of soil and pH change. Among the antibiotic producers, 63.63% produced antibiotic against Gram positive bacteria, 27.27% against Gram negative bacteria and B. alvei (9.09%) had a broad spectrum activity. Some colonies were even found to produce antibiotic with a greater potential than the conventional antibiotics.Conclusion: Based on property of soil, moist-neutral soil had the highest number of bacilli isolates and dry-acidic and moist-alkaline had least number of isolates. DOI: 10.21276/AABS.2017.1316References
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Abdulkadir M, Waliyu S. Screening and Isolation of the Soil Bacteria for Ability to Produce Antibiotics. European Journal of Applied Sciences. 2012;4(5):211-215.
Pálffy R, Gardlík R, Behuliak M, Kadasi L, Turna J, Celec P. On the physiology and pathophysiology of antimicrobial peptides. Mol. Med. 2009;15(1–2):51-59.
Rotem S, Mor A. Antimicrobial peptide mimics for improved therapeutic properties. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009;1788(8):1582-92.
Cotter PD, Ross RP, Hill C. Bacteriocins- A viable alternative to antibiotics.National Rev. Microbiology. 2013;11(2):95–105.
Sang Y, Blecha F. Antimicrobial peptides and bacteriocins: alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Animal Health Res. 2008;9(2):227–235.
Jenssen H, Hamill P, Hancock RE. Peptide antimicrobial agents. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2006;19(3):491–511.
Brogden NK, Brogden KA. Will new generations of modified antimicrobial peptides improve their potential as pharmaceuticals? Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 2011;38(3):217–225.
Bizani D, Motta AS, Morrissy JA, Terra RM, Souto AA, Brandeii A. Antibacterial activity of cerein 8A, a bacteriocin-like peptide produced by Bacillus cereus. Int. Microbiol. 2005;8(2):125–131.
Xie J, Zhang R, Shang C, Guo Y. Isolation and characterization of a bacteriocin produced by an isolated Bacillus subtilis LFB112 that exhibits antimicrobial activity against domestic animal pathogens. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2009;8(20):5611–5619.
Schallmey M, Singh A, Ward OP. Developments in the use of Bacillus species for industrial production. Can J Microbiol. 2004;50(1):1-17.
Stein T. Bacillus subtilis antibiotics: structures, syntheses and specific functions. Molecular Microbiology. 2005;56(4):845–857.
Abriouel H, Franz CM, Omar NB, Gálvez A. Diversity and applications of Bacillus bacteriocins. FEMS Microbiology. 2001;35(1):201–232.
Kaur S, Kaur J, Pankaj PP. Isolation and Characterization of Antibiotic Producing Microorganisms from Soil Samples of Certain Area of Punjab Region of India. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2014;6(4):312-315.
Parisot J, Carey S, Breukink E, Chan WC, Narbad A, Bonev B. Molecular mechanism of target recognition by subtilin, a class I lanthionine antibiotic. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2008;52:612-618.
Urdaci MC, Pinchuk I. Antimicrobial activity of Bacillus probiotics. Norfolk UK: Horizon bioscience. 2004;171-182.
Phister TG, O’Sullivan DJ, McKay LL. Identification of bacilysin, chlorotetaine and iturin A produced by Bacillus sp strain CS93 isolated from pozol, a Mexican fermented maize dough. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2004;70:631-634.
Landman D, Georgescu C, Martin DA, Quale J. Polymyxins Revisited. Clinical Microbiology Review. 2008;21(3):449-465.
Adamu F, Lohya N, Yahemba P. Screening of Bacillus Species with Potentials of Antibiotics Production. Applied Medical Informatics. 2009;24(1):42-46.
Ludwig W, Schleifer KH, Whitman WB. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, The Firmicutes. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. 2009;3:1-17.
Slepecky RA, Hemphil HE. The Genus Bacillus-Nonmedical. Prokaryotes. 2006;4:530-562.
Darabpour E, Roayaei Ardakani M, Motamedi H, Taghi Ronagh M. Isolation of a potent antibiotic producer bacterium, especially against MRSA, from northern region of the Persian Gulf. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2012;12(2):108-21.
Sandhya MVS, Ramyakrishna E, Divya P, Kumar AP, Karthik R, Yazein E, et al. Isolation of Antibiotic Producing Bacteria From Soil. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology. 2012;1(6):46-51.
Abdulkadir M, Waliyu S. Screening and Isolation of the Soil Bacteria for Ability to Produce Antibiotics. European Journal of Applied Sciences. 2012;4(5):211-215.
Published
2017-02-25
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