Evaluation of sympathetic reactivity by Hand Grip Exercise test in children of hypertensive parents.
Keywords:
Isometric hand grip, blood pressure, normotensive offspring
Abstract
Background- Genetic factors likely play some role in causing a high blood pressure. About 40% of patients with primary hypertension have genetic predisposition. It is a well documented fact that sympathetic dominance increases heart rate and blood pressure and the same has been observed in young normotensive off springs of hypertensive parents.Aim- Our present study was focused to evaluate blood pressure responses to isometric hand grip exercise test in children of hypertensive and non- hypertensive parents.Methods- The present study was conducted in 50 healthy subjects doing MBBS, 25 of whom had a positive family history and 25 had no family history of hypertension. Isometric hand grip test for sympathetic evaluation was carried out in both the groups following measurement of resting blood pressure. Rise in diastolic blood pressure measured during isometric hand grip taken as a test response.Results- Results were tabulated and analysed using paired t test, p value <0.001 was considered as significant. Higher values were obtained in diastolic and systolic blood pressure in children of hypertensive parents at rest when compared to age matched controls while during isometric hand grip increase in diastolic blood pressure in offspring of hypertensives was statistically significant. Findings are suggestive of an increased sympathetic dominance in children of hypertensive.Conclusion- The present study suggests that healthy children of hypertensive parents have a higher sympathetic dominance when compared to healthy children of non hypertensive parents. DOI: 10.21276/AABS.2017.1351References
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13. Friedman DB, Peel C, Mitchell JH. Cardiovascular responses to voluntary and non voluntary static exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol.1992; 73(5):1982-5.
14. Lopes HF and Cansolin FM. Increased sympathetic activity in normotensive offspring of malignant hypertensive parents compared to offspring of normotensive parents. Braz J Med Biol Res.2008;41:849-53.
15. Sherwood A, Allen MP, Obrist PA and Langer AW. Evaluation of beta- adrenergic influences on cardiovascular and metabolic influences on cardiovascular and metabolic adjustments to physical and physiological stress. Psychophysiology.1986; 23: 89-104.
16. De Lima JJ, Dias MM, Bernardes –Silva H, Belloti G. Pressor response to nor-epinephrine in essential hypertension. A study in families. Hypertension.1990:15(2):137-139.
2. Gupta R, Gupta VP. Hypertension epidemiology in India: lessons from Jaipur heart watch. Current Science.2009; 97:3.
3. Das SK, Sanyal K, Basu A. a study of urban community survey in India: growing trend of high prevalence of hypertension in a developing country: Int J Med Sci.2005; 2:70-8.
4. Stolraz K, Grodzicki T, Lubaszawski W et al. heart rate variability in offspring of hypertensive parents. Przegl Lek.2002; 59:892-94.
5. Kasper, Fauci, Hauser, Longo, Jameson, Loscalzo.In: Theodore A.Kotchen EDS. Hypertensive vascular disease.: Harrisons Principles of internal medicine. New York.Mc Graw Hill education.2012:1611-26.
6. Olson RP and Kroon JS. Behavioural treatment of essential hypertension. Biofeedback: A Practioner’s Guide edited by Schwartz MS (the Guilford Press: New York) 316-339.
7. Schneider GM, Jacobs DW, Gevirtz RN, et al. Cardiovascular hemodynamic response to repeated mental stress in normotensive subjects at genetic risk of hypertension. J human Hypertension.2003; 17:829-40.
8. Wilson MW,Sung BH, Pincomb GA, et al. Exaggerated pressor response to exercise in man at risk of hypertension. Am J Cardiol.1990;66:731.
9. Biagini M et al. Blood pressure response to exercise in young subjects with and without parental history of hypertension .J Hum Hypertens.1996; 10(3):81-3.
10. Gerin W, Pickering GT. Association between delayed recovery of blood pressure after acute mental stress and parental history of hypertension. J Hypertens.1995;13: 603-10.
11. Mathias CJ, Bannister R. Investigation of autonomic disorders. In. Bannister R, Mathias C eds. Autonomic failure: A textbook of clinical disorders of the autonomic nervous system. Oxford. Oxford University Press.1992; 266.
12. Dos Santos Antonio AM, Cardoso MA, do Amaral JAT, de Abreulc, Valenti VE. Cardiac autonomic modulation adjustment in isometric exercises. Medical express.2015; 2(1):150102.
13. Friedman DB, Peel C, Mitchell JH. Cardiovascular responses to voluntary and non voluntary static exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol.1992; 73(5):1982-5.
14. Lopes HF and Cansolin FM. Increased sympathetic activity in normotensive offspring of malignant hypertensive parents compared to offspring of normotensive parents. Braz J Med Biol Res.2008;41:849-53.
15. Sherwood A, Allen MP, Obrist PA and Langer AW. Evaluation of beta- adrenergic influences on cardiovascular and metabolic influences on cardiovascular and metabolic adjustments to physical and physiological stress. Psychophysiology.1986; 23: 89-104.
16. De Lima JJ, Dias MM, Bernardes –Silva H, Belloti G. Pressor response to nor-epinephrine in essential hypertension. A study in families. Hypertension.1990:15(2):137-139.
Published
2017-02-25
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