Haemolytic anaemia in Kavaratti island, Lakshadweep: A hospital based study.
Keywords:
Anaemia, Haemolytic anaemia, Kavaratti island, Lakshadweep, Public health
Abstract
Background: Anaemia is a major public health problem in developing countries like India. Kavaratti island, Lakshadweep is a remote island located in Arabian sea. There is extreme paucity of data on the type of anaemia here. Objective of this study is to take an in depth look at the various etiologies of anaemia at Kavaratti island, Lakshadweep. Methods: A total of 4526 patients were studied. Data from the anaemic individuals was collected and analyzed. The study group was subsequently divided into smaller subgroups on the basis of age and sex for analysis. The aetiology of anaemia in these cases was further investigated. Result: The prevalence of anaemia in adult males was 21.5% and in females 37%. In pregnant females anaemia was still more common (47.5%). Among children 24.6% were anaemic with female children showing higher percentage (27.4%) than males (22.9%). Anaemia was quite common in the elderly and even higher in elderly females (43%). However, the most significant finding was the high prevalence of haemolytic anaemias especially sickle cell anaemia. Conclusion: Anaemia is not a major public health problem in Kavaratti island, Lakshadweep. However, there is high prevalence of haemolytic anaemias especially sickle cell anaemia. Nutritional anaemia is quite rare. This fact may have major implications for health policy makers.DOI:10.21276/APALM.1673References
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9. Aikawa R, Ngyen CK, Sasaki S, Binns CW. Risk factors for iron-deficiency anaemia among pregnant women living in rural Vietnam. Public Health Nutr. 2006;9(4):443–8.
10. Ania Lafuente BJ, Fernandez-Burriel Tercero M, Suarez Almenara JL, Betancort Mastrangelo CC, Guerra Hernandez L. Anaemia and functional capacity at admission in a geriatric home. An Med Interna 2001;18(1):9–12
11. Salive ME, Cornoni-Huntley J, Guralnik JM. Anaemia and hemoglobin levels in older persons: relationship with age, gender, and health status. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992;40: 489–496.
12. Asnani MR, McCaw-Binns AM, Reid ME. Excess risk of maternal death from sickle cell disease in Jamaica: 1998-2007. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26281. Epub 2011 Oct 24.
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15. López-Escribano H, Vila Vidal M, Barceló Bennassar A, Riesco Prieto M, Ayllón Gatnau O.Neonatal screening of sickle cell disease in the Balearic Islands Autonomous Community. Pilot study in anonymous unrelated population. An Pediatr (Barc). 2009 May;70(5):429-33. Epub 2009 Apr 18.
16. van Heyningen AM, Levenston MJ, Tamminga N, Scoop-Martijn EG et al. Estimated incidence of sickle-cell disease in Aruba and St. Maarten suggests cost-effectiveness of a universal screening programme for St. Maarten. West Indian Med J. 2009 Sep;58(4):301-4.
17. Tarer V, Etienne-Julan M, Diara JP, Belloy MS, et al. Sickle cell anemia in Guadeloupean children: pattern and prevalence of acute clinical events. Eur J Haematol. 2006 Mar;76(3):193-9.
18. Randolph TR. Estimated prevalence of sickle cell in northern Haiti. Clin Lab Sci. 2010;23(2):79-83.
19. Asnani MR, Fraser R, Lewis NA, Reid ME. Depression and loneliness in Jamaicans with sickle cell disease. BMC Psychiatry. 2010 Jun 7;10:40.
20. Limonta D, González D, Capó V, Torres G at al. Fatal severe dengue and cell death in sickle cell disease during the 2001-2002 Havana dengue epidemic. Int J Infect Dis. 2009 Mar;13(2):e77-8. Epub 2008 Oct 11.
21. Belcher JD, Marker PH, Weber JP, Hebbel RP, Vercellotti JM. Activated monocytes in sickle cell disease: potential role in the activation of vascular endothelium and vaso-occlusion. Blood 2000;96:2451—9.
22. Makis AC, Hatzimichael EC, Bourantas KL. The role of cytokines in sickle cell disease. Ann Hematol 2000;79:407—13.
2. Arnold F, Parasuraman S et al. Nutrition in India, in National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) India 2005-06, 2009. Available from: http://www.rchiips.org/nfhs/nutrition_report_ for _website_ 18sep09.pdf. Accessed on 02-09-17.
3. Baker RD, Greer FR. Diagnosis and prevention of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anaemia in infants and young children (0–3 years of age). Pediatrics 2010;126:1040–1050.
4. Yadav AK, Salih A (2015) Anaemia in Kavaratti Island, Lakshadweep: Perspectives from a Hospital Based Study. J Hematol Transfus 3(1):1038.
5. WHO, Global database on anaemia: India, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2008. Available from: http://who.int/vmnis/anaemia/data/database/countries/ind_ida.pdf
6. Bhardwaj A, Kumar D, Raina SK, Bansal P, Bhushan S, Chander V. Rapid assessment for coexistence of vitamin B12 and iron deficiency anaemia among adolescent males and females in northern himalayan state of India. Anaemia 2013;2013:959605.
7. Bentley ME, Griffiths PL. The burden of anaemia among women in India. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57(1):52–60.
8. Silva CL, Lima-Costa MF, Firmo JO, Peixoto SV. Hemoglobin level in older adults and the association with nutritional status and use of health services: the Bambuí Project. Cad Saude Publica. 2012;28(11):2085–94.
9. Aikawa R, Ngyen CK, Sasaki S, Binns CW. Risk factors for iron-deficiency anaemia among pregnant women living in rural Vietnam. Public Health Nutr. 2006;9(4):443–8.
10. Ania Lafuente BJ, Fernandez-Burriel Tercero M, Suarez Almenara JL, Betancort Mastrangelo CC, Guerra Hernandez L. Anaemia and functional capacity at admission in a geriatric home. An Med Interna 2001;18(1):9–12
11. Salive ME, Cornoni-Huntley J, Guralnik JM. Anaemia and hemoglobin levels in older persons: relationship with age, gender, and health status. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992;40: 489–496.
12. Asnani MR, McCaw-Binns AM, Reid ME. Excess risk of maternal death from sickle cell disease in Jamaica: 1998-2007. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26281. Epub 2011 Oct 24.
13. King L, Knight-Madden J, Reid M. Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease in Jamaica:A Review Past, Present and Future. West Indian Med J 2014;63(2):147.
14. King LG, Bortolusso-Ali S, Cunningham-Myrie CA, Reid ME. Impact of a Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center on Early Childhood Mortality in a Developing Country: The Jamaican Experience. J Pediatr. 2015 Sep;167(3):702-5.e1. Epub 2015 Jul 7.
15. López-Escribano H, Vila Vidal M, Barceló Bennassar A, Riesco Prieto M, Ayllón Gatnau O.Neonatal screening of sickle cell disease in the Balearic Islands Autonomous Community. Pilot study in anonymous unrelated population. An Pediatr (Barc). 2009 May;70(5):429-33. Epub 2009 Apr 18.
16. van Heyningen AM, Levenston MJ, Tamminga N, Scoop-Martijn EG et al. Estimated incidence of sickle-cell disease in Aruba and St. Maarten suggests cost-effectiveness of a universal screening programme for St. Maarten. West Indian Med J. 2009 Sep;58(4):301-4.
17. Tarer V, Etienne-Julan M, Diara JP, Belloy MS, et al. Sickle cell anemia in Guadeloupean children: pattern and prevalence of acute clinical events. Eur J Haematol. 2006 Mar;76(3):193-9.
18. Randolph TR. Estimated prevalence of sickle cell in northern Haiti. Clin Lab Sci. 2010;23(2):79-83.
19. Asnani MR, Fraser R, Lewis NA, Reid ME. Depression and loneliness in Jamaicans with sickle cell disease. BMC Psychiatry. 2010 Jun 7;10:40.
20. Limonta D, González D, Capó V, Torres G at al. Fatal severe dengue and cell death in sickle cell disease during the 2001-2002 Havana dengue epidemic. Int J Infect Dis. 2009 Mar;13(2):e77-8. Epub 2008 Oct 11.
21. Belcher JD, Marker PH, Weber JP, Hebbel RP, Vercellotti JM. Activated monocytes in sickle cell disease: potential role in the activation of vascular endothelium and vaso-occlusion. Blood 2000;96:2451—9.
22. Makis AC, Hatzimichael EC, Bourantas KL. The role of cytokines in sickle cell disease. Ann Hematol 2000;79:407—13.
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"21-04-2018"
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