Frequency of Immunofluorescence Antinuclear Antibody Patterns: In A Local Population from North India

Rani Deepak; Charu Agrawal; Sunita Kapoor; Ritesh Kanotra

doi:10.21276/apalm.3291

Rani Deepak Microbiology & Serology Section, City Xray & Scan Clinic Pvt. Ltd.,Tilak Nagar, New Delhi, India
Charu Agrawal Microbiology & Serology Section, City Xray & Scan Clinic Pvt. Ltd.,Tilak Nagar, New Delhi, India
Sunita Kapoor Microbiology & Serology Section, City Xray & Scan Clinic Pvt. Ltd.,Tilak Nagar, New Delhi, India
Ritesh Kanotra Department of Internal medicine, Banner Baywood Medical Center, Mesa, AZ, United States

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/apalm.3291

Keywords: ANA, Autoimmune disorders, ANA patterns, IIF, ANA titer, ANA mixed patterns, Speckled, Homogenous

Abstract

Background Autoimmune disorders in India have seen rise in recent times. The first-line test in diagnostic workup of autoimmune disorders is ANA indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF). A positive Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) result in conjunction with clinical findings aids in predicting the diagnosis. ANA test is not widely available in India, probably due to the cost and requirement of technical expertise. In view of rising incidence of autoimmune disorders in India and due to scarcity of data, this study aimed at determining prevalence of ANA positivity, study ANA patterns and their frequency and estimate disease burden in patients among local population of Northern India. Methods The study was performed on 2000 suspected autoimmune disorder patients during a period of 01 year (January 2023 till January 2024). Assessment of ANA patterns and titres were carried out by ANA-IIF technique. Result Of the 2000 participants, 30.8% were found to be ANA-positive. Nuclear speckled pattern was observed to be the most common, among others. Among mixed ANA patterns, mix of speckled and homogenous patterns were common. Females showed predominance over males in all age groups in ratio of 3:1. Conclusion: The study is a preliminary, retrospective study providing overview of ANA positivity and autoimmunity status in Northern India, where despite the heavy disease burden, data is still scarce. Further studies in Indian population are essential to determine relationship of ANA with various etiologic and biochemical factors and association between ANA patterns and specific antibodies in serum for diagnosis of specific autoimmune diseases.

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