Bacteriological analysis including antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of blood stream infections in tertiary care hospital
Keywords:
Antibiotics, blood stream infection, bacteria, antimicrobial susceptibility.
Abstract
Background: Blood stream infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Illness associated with blood stream infection ranges from self-limiting infections to life- threatening sepsis that require rapid and aggressive antimicrobial treatment. Rational and correct use of antibiotic requires understanding of common pathogens and their drug resistance pattern in the community as well as hospital.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on the microbial profile of isolates of blood culture and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in a tertiary care hospital. Blood culture samples received from January to December 2015 in Microbiology department of the laboratory were enrolled in the study.Result: Positivity of the blood culture was found to be 16.66% (312/1872). Among the isolates, Gram negative organisms were 66.76% (203/300) while gram positive organisms were 32.33% (97/300) including 45 (15%) fungal isolates which were of various candida species. Klebsiella species was the most commonly isolated organism (27.3%) followed by E.coli (18.6%) and Acinetobacter species (8.3%). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 6% cases. Colisitin was found to be showing 100% sensitivity for Klebsiella, E.coli, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas. Vancomycin was found to be sensitive for all Staphylococci isolated from blood. Ampicillin failed to show significant sensitivity against any of the above mentioned organisms.Conclusion: Specific antibiotic usage strategies to be prepared and implemented in the form of antibiotic usage policy like antibiotic restriction, combination therapy and usage according to the standard antibiotic susceptibility testing are needed for each tertiary care hospital to prevent emergence and spread of drug resistance. DOI: 10.21276/APALM.1203References
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11. Anbumani N, Kalyani J, Mallika M. Original research distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital. Indian Journal for the practicing doctor 2008;5(2). Available at:
http;//www.indmedica.com/journals.php?journalid+3&issueid=1658&action=article (1of 9).
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15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004. Am J Infect Control. 2004;32:470-85.
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18. Guha DK, Jaspal D, Das KMS, Guha RA, Khatri RL, Srikumar R. Outcome of neonatal septicemia:A clinical and bacteriological profile. Indian Pediatr 1978;15:423-27.
19. Bassetti M, Righi E, Costa A, et al. Epidemiologic trends in nosocomial candidemia in intensive care, BMC infect dis. 2006;6:21
20. Nathisuwan S, Burgess DS, Lewis II JS. Extended spectrum - lactamases: Epidemiology, Detection and treatment. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:920-928.
2. WHO. Perinatal Mortality. Report No: WHO/FRH/ MSM/967. Geneva: WHO, 1996.
3. Karlowsky JA, Jones ME, Draghi DCVolturo GA. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients in the United States in 2002. Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials 2004;3:7.
4. Reingold AL. Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from blood in San Francisco country, California, 1996- 1999. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 8: 195-201.
5. Cohen ML. Epidemiological factors influencing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Liba Found Symp 1997; 207: 223 – 231.
6. Graham C. Bacteremia and antibiotic resistance of its pathogens reported in England and wales between 1990 and 1998: Trend analysis. Br Med J 2000; 320: 213 – 216.
7. Cruickshank K, Duguid JP, Marmion BP. Test for sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. In: Medical Microbiology. Churchill Livingstone, 1980; 190-209.
8. Khanal B, Harish BN, Sethuraman KR, Srinivasan S. Infective endo carditis: Report of prospective study in an Indian Hospital. Trop Doct 2002; 32:83-85.
9. Mehta MP, Dutta, V Gupta. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of blood isolates from a teaching hospital in North India. Jpn J Infect Dis 2005;58:174-176.
10. Sharma PP, Halder D, Dutta AK. Bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia. Ind Pediatr 1987;24:1011-1017.
11. Anbumani N, Kalyani J, Mallika M. Original research distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital. Indian Journal for the practicing doctor 2008;5(2). Available at:
http;//www.indmedica.com/journals.php?journalid+3&issueid=1658&action=article (1of 9).
12. Arora U, Devi P. Bacterial profile of blood stream infections and antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates. J K Sci 2007; 9:186- 190.
13. Lee A, Mirrett S, Reller LB, Weinstein MB. Detection of blood stream infections in adults: How many blood cultures are needed? J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3546-48.
14. Roy, I. ,A.Jain,M.Kumar and S.K.Agarwal. Bacteriology of neonatal septicemia in a tertiary care hospital of Northern India. Indian J.Med.Microbiol 2002;20:156-159.
15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004. Am J Infect Control. 2004;32:470-85.
16. Bassetti M, Righi E, Costa A, et al. Epidemiologic trends in nosocomial candidemia in intensive care, BMC infect dis. 2006;6:21
17. Hidron Al, Edwards JR, Patel J et al. Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: annual summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention 2006-2007. Infect. Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29:996-1011
18. Guha DK, Jaspal D, Das KMS, Guha RA, Khatri RL, Srikumar R. Outcome of neonatal septicemia:A clinical and bacteriological profile. Indian Pediatr 1978;15:423-27.
19. Bassetti M, Righi E, Costa A, et al. Epidemiologic trends in nosocomial candidemia in intensive care, BMC infect dis. 2006;6:21
20. Nathisuwan S, Burgess DS, Lewis II JS. Extended spectrum - lactamases: Epidemiology, Detection and treatment. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:920-928.
Published
2017-07-11
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