Apoptosis in trophoblast in pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation: A light microscopy study
Keywords:
Preeclampsia, Intrauterine growth retardation, Apoptosis, Trophoblasts
Abstract
Background: Pre-eclampsia and Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) affects 3% and 10% of all pregnancies. Apoptosis, a programmed cell death is known to occur as a part of both physiological and pathological process. This study was done to calculate apoptotic index in placental trophoblasts of pre-eclampsia, IUGR and compare it with normal term placenta. The aim of this study is to calculate apoptotic index in cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast in preeclampsia and IUGR and compare it with placenta from normal pregnancyMethods: A total of fifty four placentas were included in the study. 18/54 cases were from pre-eclampsia patients, 18/54 cases were from IUGR patients, 18/54 were age matched controls. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections from representative were screened under oil immersion using Olympus microscope (100X) for apoptotic bodies and apoptotic index was calculated by counting the total number of apoptotic bodies and dividing it by total number of nuclei counted in the trophoblasts multipled by 100. Data was entered into Microsoft excel data sheet and was analyzed using SPSS 22 version software. ANOVA was the test of significance used. P value<0.05 was considered significant. Result: Apoptotic bodies and index were maximum in cytotrophoblast and syncytiocytotrophoblast of preeclampsia as compared with IUGR and normal placentas. Statistically significant difference was observed in apoptotic index in cytotrophoblast and apoptotic index in Syncytiotrophoblast between three groups.Conclusion: Increased number of apoptotic bodies and index were seen in trophoblast of pre-eclampsia cases as compared with IUGR and normal placentas which may be related to onset of maternal inflammatory syndrome.DOI:10.21276/APALM.1693References
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14. Crocker IP, Cooper S, Ong SC, Baker PN. Differences in Apoptotic Susceptibility of Cytotrophoblasts and Syncytiotrophoblasts in Normal Pregnancy to Those Complicated with Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Am J Pathol 2003;162:637-43.
15. Smith SC, Baker PN, Symonds EM. Increased placental apoptosis in intrauterine growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:1395 – 1401
16. Chen B, Longtine MS, Sadovsky Y, Nelson DM. Hypoxia downregulates p53 but induces apoptosis and enhances expression of BAD in cultures of human syncytiotrophoblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010;299:C968–C976.
17. Crocker IP, Barratt S, Kaur M, Baker PN. The in-vitro characterization of induced apoptosis in placental cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts. Placenta. 2001;22:822–830.
18. Goswami D, Tannetta DS, Magee LA, Fuchisawa A, Redman CWG, Sargent IL, von Dadelszen P. Excess syncytiotrophoblast microparticle shedding is a feature of early-onset pre-eclampsia, but not normotensive intrauterine growth restriction. Placenta 2006; 27: 56-61. doi.org/10.1016/j.
19. Krcbs C, Macara LM, Lciscf R, Bowman AW, Greet IA, Kingdom JC. Intrauterine growth restriction with absent end-diastolic flow velocity in the umbilical artery is associated with maldevelopment of the placenta! terminal villous tree. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175:1534-42.
2. Bahr BL, Price MD, Merrill D, Mejia C, Call L, Bears D, et al. Different expression of placental pyruvate kinase in normal, preeclamptic and intrauterine growth
restriction pregnancies. Placenta 2014;35:883–90.
3. Sharp AN, Heazell EPA, Crocker IP, Mor G. Placental Apoptosis in Health and Disease. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64:159–69.
4. Staff A, Dechend R, Pijnenborg R. Acute Atherosis and Vascular Remodeling in Preeclampsia–Novel Aspects for Atherosclerosis and Future Cardiovascular Health. Hypertension 2010; 56:1026-34.
5. Grill S, Rusterholz C, Zanetti DR, Tercanli S, Holzgreve W. Hanhn S etal. Potential markers of preeclampsia-a review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:70-75.
6. Guller S. Role of the syncytium in placenta-mediated complications of pre-eclampsia. Thromb Res 2009; 124:389-92.
7. Jain A, Maheshwari V, Alam K, Mehdi G, Sharma SC. Apoptosis in premalignant and malignant squamous cell lesions of the oral cavity: A light microscopic study. IJPM 2009; 5 2:164-66
8. Potten CS. What is an apoptotic index measuring? A commentary. Brit J Cancer 1996; 74:1743-48
9. Huppertz B. Placental origins of preeclampsia :challenging and current hypothesis. Hypertension 2008;51:970-75.
10. Tannetta DS, Dragovic RA, Gardiner C, Redman CW, Sargent IL. Characterisation of syncytiotrophoblast vesicles in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia:Expression of Flt-1and Endoglin. PLOS ONE 2013;8
11. Roberts JM, Escudero C. The placenta in preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2012;2:72–83.
12. Florio P, Marinoni E, DiIorio R, Bashir M, Ciotti S, Sacchi R. Urinary S100B Protein Concentrations are Increased in Intrauterine Growth-Retarded Newborns. Pediatrics 2006; 118:747-54.
13. Longtine MS, Chen B, Odibo AO, Zhong Y, Nelson DM. Caspase mediated apoptosis of trophoblasts in term human placental villi is restricted to cytoptrophoblasts and absent from syncytiotrobhoblast. Reproduction. 2012;143:107-21.
14. Crocker IP, Cooper S, Ong SC, Baker PN. Differences in Apoptotic Susceptibility of Cytotrophoblasts and Syncytiotrophoblasts in Normal Pregnancy to Those Complicated with Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Am J Pathol 2003;162:637-43.
15. Smith SC, Baker PN, Symonds EM. Increased placental apoptosis in intrauterine growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:1395 – 1401
16. Chen B, Longtine MS, Sadovsky Y, Nelson DM. Hypoxia downregulates p53 but induces apoptosis and enhances expression of BAD in cultures of human syncytiotrophoblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010;299:C968–C976.
17. Crocker IP, Barratt S, Kaur M, Baker PN. The in-vitro characterization of induced apoptosis in placental cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts. Placenta. 2001;22:822–830.
18. Goswami D, Tannetta DS, Magee LA, Fuchisawa A, Redman CWG, Sargent IL, von Dadelszen P. Excess syncytiotrophoblast microparticle shedding is a feature of early-onset pre-eclampsia, but not normotensive intrauterine growth restriction. Placenta 2006; 27: 56-61. doi.org/10.1016/j.
19. Krcbs C, Macara LM, Lciscf R, Bowman AW, Greet IA, Kingdom JC. Intrauterine growth restriction with absent end-diastolic flow velocity in the umbilical artery is associated with maldevelopment of the placenta! terminal villous tree. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175:1534-42.
Published
2018-03-22
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